ArticleClinical cardiology2023
Association of kidney disease index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with hypertension.
Article in Clinical cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the potential relationship between kidney disease index and cognitive dysfunction: a machine learning approach with NHANES data.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Identifying pathways to cardiovascular mortality by causal graphical models and mediation analysis among hypertensive patients: insights from a prospective study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio for predicting risk of all-cause mortality and specific-cause mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Association of altitude with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with hypertension: a cohort study in Southwest China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Comment on "Association of kidney disease index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with hypertension".Clinical cardiology · 2024Article
- Association of kidney disease index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with hypertension.Clinical cardiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between a novel kidney disease index (KDI), which combines information from both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among individuals with hypertension.
methodsWe analyzed data from 19 988 adults with hypertension who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and CVD mortality.
resultsBaseline KDI levels were positively associated with glucose, insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein (p value for trend <.05). During a follow-up period of 179 859 person-years, a total of 5069 deaths were documented, including 1741 from cardiovascular causes. After multivariable adjustment, each standard deviation increment in KDI level was associated with a 27% increased risk of all-cause mortality and a 31% increased risk of cardiovascular deaths (both p < .05). Further analysis showed a J-shaped association between KDI and mortality, with the risk increasing dramatically when KDI exceeded 0.27.
conclusionElevated KDI levels were significantly associated with increased mortality from all causes and CVD among individuals with hypertension. We recommend routine testing of eGFR and uACR in hypertensive patients, and using KDI as a tool to identify individuals who are most likely to benefit from preventive therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.