ArticleGlobal health research and policy2023
A life course health development model of HIV vulnerabilities and resiliencies in young transgender women in Peru.
Article in Global health research and policy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Defining Life Stages and Mapping Care Trajectories: A Narrative Review of Life-Course Theories, Models and Frameworks.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Review
- Structures of survival: Syndemic pathways to care among people with HIV involved with the criminal legal system.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Strategies, programs and interventions implemented to improve sex workers' access to health services in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Co-occurring psychosocial conditions are associated with increased HIV acquisition and transmission risk among young transgender women in Lima, Peru.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lifetime homelessness among young transgender women in Lima, Peru is associated with HIV vulnerability: Results from a cross-sectional survey.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- HIV vulnerabilities and psychosocial health among young transgender women in Lima, Peru: results from a bio-behavioural survey.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobally transgender women (TW) are at heightened vulnerability for HIV infection. In Lima Peru, sharp increases in HIV prevalence are seen among TW ages 25 years and older highlighting the need for early HIV prevention efforts for young TW. This study conducted in-depth qualitative interviews to elucidate the social and developmental contexts of HIV vulnerability for young TW in Lima Peru.
methodsBetween November 2019 and February 2020, young TW ages 16-24 years (n = 21) in Lima Peru were purposively sampled using in-person (e.g., face-to-face outreach) and online (e.g., social media, networking websites) social network-based methods. Interviews were conducted in Spanish and a rapid qualitative analysis was conducted using a modified immersion crystallization methodology to identify themes.
resultsFive themes emerged, informing the conceptualization of a Life Course Health Development Model of HIV Vulnerabilities and Resiliencies: (1) interpersonal contexts (family, school, partners, sexual debut, trans mothers); (2) structural vulnerabilities (poverty, educational constraints, migration, hostile environments, sex work, police violence); (3) concomitant mental health and psychosocial factors (discrimination, violence, depression, suicidality, substance use, life hopes/dreams/future expectations); (4) gender affirmation processes (gender identity development, hormones, surgery, legal name/gender marker change); (5) HIV prevention and treatment barriers (PrEP uptake, HIV care, condom use, risk reduction).
conclusionsYoung TW experience formidable developmental challenges associated with transphobia, violence, and pre-maturely facing accelerated milestones. Developmentally and culturally appropriate interventions to mitigate HIV vulnerability in Peru are needed, including those that consider co-occurring stigma-related conditions in adolescence and young adulthood.
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