ArticleBMC public health2023
Long-term health consequences among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to individuals without infection: results of the population-based cohort study CoMoLo Follow-up.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-COVID-19 physical and mental quality of life: a latent profile analysis and predictive factors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Long COVID in adults - a current review of the long-term health effects following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of health monitoring · 2026Article
- Risk tools for predicting long-term sequelae based on symptom profiles after known and undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Postural balance and functional muscle strength in the hands and legs one year after hospitalisation due to COVID-19.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome and health-related quality of life after hospital discharge.Revista de saude publica · 2025Article
- Association of physical symptoms with accelerometer-measured movement behaviors and functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Healthcare and health situation of adults with type 2 diabetes in Germany: The study GEDA 2021/2022-Diabetes.Journal of health monitoring · 2024Article
- Looking at the Data on Smoking and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-A Literature Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Factors influencing the course of post-COVID-19-related symptoms: A bidirectional cohort study among employees in health and welfare services in Germany.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMost of the previous studies on health sequelae of COVID-19 are uncontrolled cohorts and include a relatively short follow-up. This population-based multi-center cohort study examined health consequences among individuals about 1 to 1.5 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with non-infected.
methodsThe study population consisted of adults (≥ 18 years) from four municipalities particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020 who completed a detailed follow-up questionnaire on health-related topics. Exposure was the SARS-CoV-2 infection status (based on IgG antibodies, PCR test, or physician-diagnosis of COVID-19) at baseline (May to December 2020). Outcomes assessed at follow-up (October 2021 to January 2022; mean: 452 days) included recurrent or persistent health complaints, incident diseases, health-related quality of life (PROMIS-29), subjective health, and subjective memory impairment. Logistic and linear regression models were adjusted for baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics (age, sex, municipality, education, smoking, body mass index), pre-existing health conditions (chronic disease/health problem, health-related activity limitation, depressive/anxiety disorder), and follow-up time.
resultsAmong 4817 participants, 350 had a SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline and 4467 had no infection at baseline or during follow-up. Those with an infection statistically significantly more often reported 7 out of 18 recurrent or persistent health complaints at follow-up: smell/taste disorders (12.8% vs. 3.4%, OR 4.11), shortness of breath (23.0% vs. 9.5%, 3.46), pain when breathing (4.7% vs. 1.9%, 2.36), fatigue (36.9% vs. 26.1%, 1.76), weakness in legs (12.8% vs. 7.8%, 1.93), myalgia/joint pain (21.9% vs. 15.1%, 1.53) and cough (30.8% vs. 24.8%, 1.34) and 3 out of 6 groups of incident diseases: liver/kidney (2.7% vs. 0.9%, 3.70), lung (3.2% vs. 1.1%, 3.50) and cardiovascular/metabolic (6.5% vs. 4.0%, 1.68) diseases. Those with an infection were significantly more likely to report poor subjective health (19.3% vs. 13.0%, 1.91), memory impairment (25.7% vs. 14.3%, 2.27), and worse mean scores on fatigue and physical function domains of PROMIS-29 than non-infected.
conclusionEven after more than one year, individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed an increased risk of various health complaints, functional limitations, and worse subjective well-being, pointing toward profound health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection relevant for public health.
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