ArticleBMC medicine2023
The development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity.
Article in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence of multimorbidity during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between maternal multimorbidity and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Development of a core outcome set for the evaluation of shared decision-making interventions in healthcare: a study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Outcome measurement for multiple long-term conditions research across health-care settings - an overview of reviews.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Competency Goals in Midwifery Master's Programs in Germany and Selected OECD Countries: Comparison of Stakeholder Perspectives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Content of Core Outcome Sets in Neonatology-A Scoping Review.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Optimal timing and mode of planned birth for term, large infants: a retrospective, population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and patterns of pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnancy in Northern Ireland: a population-based, retrospective study using linked routinely collected healthcare data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Perinatal mortality and other severe adverse outcomes following planned birth at 39 weeks versus expectant management in low-risk women: a population based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Inclusion of people with multiple long-term conditions in pregnancy research: patient, public and stakeholder involvement and engagement in a randomised controlled trial.Research involvement and engagement · 2024Article
- Burden of multiple high-risk factors in pregnancy before and after the universal two-child policy in Chinese women: An observational study.Journal of global health · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
35 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeterogeneity in reported outcomes can limit the synthesis of research evidence. A core outcome set informs what outcomes are important and should be measured as a minimum in all future studies. We report the development of a core outcome set applicable to observational and interventional studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity.
methodsWe developed the core outcome set in four stages: (i) a systematic literature search, (ii) three focus groups with UK stakeholders, (iii) two rounds of Delphi surveys with international stakeholders and (iv) two international virtual consensus meetings. Stakeholders included women with multimorbidity and experience of pregnancy in the last 5 years, or are planning a pregnancy, their partners, health or social care professionals and researchers. Study adverts were shared through stakeholder charities and organisations.
resultsTwenty-six studies were included in the systematic literature search (2017 to 2021) reporting 185 outcomes. Thematic analysis of the focus groups added a further 28 outcomes. Two hundred and nine stakeholders completed the first Delphi survey. One hundred and sixteen stakeholders completed the second Delphi survey where 45 outcomes reached Consensus In (≥70% of all participants rating an outcome as Critically Important). Thirteen stakeholders reviewed 15 Borderline outcomes in the first consensus meeting and included seven additional outcomes. Seventeen stakeholders reviewed these 52 outcomes in a second consensus meeting, the threshold was ≥80% of all participants voting for inclusion. The final core outcome set included 11 outcomes. The five maternal outcomes were as follows: maternal death, severe maternal morbidity, change in existing long-term conditions (physical and mental), quality and experience of care and development of new mental health conditions. The six child outcomes were as follows: survival of baby, gestational age at birth, neurodevelopmental conditions/impairment, quality of life, birth weight and separation of baby from mother for health care needs.
conclusionsMultimorbidity in pregnancy is a new and complex clinical research area. Following a rigorous process, this complexity was meaningfully reduced to a core outcome set that balances the views of a diverse stakeholder group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.