ArticleBMC geriatrics2023
New evidence of trends in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China, 2011-2018: an age-period-cohort analysis.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential Indicators of Transition to Cognitive Decline in Older Men: A Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Sensory, Balance, and Gait Changes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Impact of Working Beyond Retirement on Cognitive Function Among the Retirement-Transition Population.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The association between cognitive function trajectories and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults with cardiovascular disease: A longitudinal study from CHARLS.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Broadband Access, Internet Use, and General Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Study.JMIR aging · 2026Article
- Sex-specific trajectories and variability of pain burden in relation to cognitive decline and depressive symptoms in older adults: a prospective cohort study from health and retirement study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Impact of Noise Pollution on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Empirical Evidence from the CHARLS.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cohort Changes in Cognitive Function Among Mexican Older Adults from 2001 to 2021.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Changes in end-of-life care models among Chinese older adults, 1998-2018: an age-period-cohort analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Associations between reversible and potentially reversible cognitive frailty and falls in community-dwelling older adults in China: a longitudinal study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Social Activities and Cognitive Functioning Across Mid- and Late Life: Evidence From China.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Closing the gap in dementia research by community-based cohort studies in the Chinese population.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Review
- Longitudinal associations between pain and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: the mediating role of depressive symptoms.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mindfulness training combined with cold water immersion effects on mood and perception of executive functioning in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rate trends in China: analysis of data from the population-based cancer registry.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Age, period, cohort effects in trends of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Trajectories of cognitive function development and predictive factors in disabled middle-aged and older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The relationship between multimorbidity and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: based on propensity score matching.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Associations between modifiable risk factors and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The prevalence and clinical correlation factors of cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder hospitalized during the acute phase.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundIncreasing evidence from high-income countries suggests the risk of cognitive impairment has been declining recently. However, related studies in China have rarely been done, and the results are inconsistent. We analyze the trends in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China between 2011 and 2018.
methodsWe used data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 48918 individuals aged 45 years and older. Cognitive function was assessed using the CHARLS cognitive measures containing episodic memory, orientation, attention, and visuospatial abilities. The hierarchical age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to quantify the separate age, period, and cohort effects on trends in cognitive function.
resultsThe study sample's ages ranged from 45 to 105 years (Mean = 59.2, SD = 9.4). Cognitive function declined with age net of period and cohort effects, an apparent acceleration in the rate of cognitive decline after age 65 was found adjusting for individual characteristics. Although period effects on trends in cognitive function remained stable during the study period, hierarchical APC models demonstrated significant cohort variations. Independent of age and period effects, there was a fluctuating trend across cohorts before 1960 and an overall decline across successive cohorts.
conclusionsOur study indicates that the age effect remains the most crucial factor regarding cognitive decline. Moreover, results demonstrate that cohorts living in social upheaval leading to educational deprivation and/or nutritional deficiency in early life may face a higher risk for cognitive deterioration later in life. Such findings indicate that dementia prevention from a life course perspective and cohort-specific strategies are critical to alleviating the future public-health burdens related to cognitive aging. Ongoing attention should be paid to the role of cross-cohort differences in education on cohort trends in cognition in countries like China that are aging rapidly and have a late start in educational expansion compared to other countries. Other factors, such as environmental stimulation, need to be noticed in younger cohorts.
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