ArticleNature medicine2023
Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years.
Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06279910 (Inclusion of Calcifediol in the Hospital Therapeutic Protocol for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 205 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Inclusion of Calcifediol in the Hospital Therapeutic Protocol for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19). Mortality Analysis. Retrospective Study.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of new-onset diabetes following COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Taurine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of vaccination on prevention of long COVID.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Integrated care pathway in individuals with Long COVID: STIMULATE-ICP, a cluster-randomized, phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of behavioral intervention components to increase COVID-19 testing for African American/Black and Latine frontline essential workers not up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccination: Results of an optimization randomized controlled trial.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Dysautonomia and Postural Orthostatic Syndrome of Hypocapnia in Long COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A Dual-Membrane Biomimetic Nanoplatform Enables Triple-Modal Therapy Against SARS-CoV-2 Through Viral Decoy, Inflammation Neutralizing, and Intracellular RNAi.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Herbal medicine (Kyungok-go) for fatigue in Long COVID patients: A prospective multicenter pilot study.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
- Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Increasing Multimorbidity Burden After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without HIV in the United States: Insights From the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- β-Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Secretion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccine and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among US Veterans.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection as a trigger of type 2 diabetes in adults: a population-based cohort study in Sweden using a double negative control design.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary Predictors of Post-COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between dietary inflammatory index, empirical dietary inflammatory patterns and the risk of Long COVID: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Long-term ocular symptoms following COVID-19 linked to immune dysregulation, dysautonomia and peripheral neuropathy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Prior SGLT2 Inhibitor and Metformin Use and Risk of Long COVID in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to postacute sequelae in multiple organ systems, but evidence is mostly limited to the first year postinfection. We built a cohort of 138,818 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 5,985,227 noninfected control group from the US Department of Veterans Affairs and followed them for 2 years to estimate the risks of death and 80 prespecified postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) according to care setting during the acute phase of infection. The increased risk of death was not significant beyond 6 months after infection among nonhospitalized but remained significantly elevated through the 2 years in hospitalized individuals. Within the 80 prespecified sequelae, 69% and 35% of them became not significant at 2 years after infection among nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals, respectively. Cumulatively at 2 years, PASC contributed 80.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 71.6-89.6) and 642.8 (95% CI: 596.9-689.3) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1,000 persons among nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals; 25.3% (18.9-31.0%) and 21.3% (18.2-24.5%) of the cumulative 2-year DALYs in nonhospitalized and hospitalized were from the second year. In sum, while risks of many sequelae declined 2 years after infection, the substantial cumulative burden of health loss due to PASC calls for attention to the care needs of people with long-term health effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.