ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2023
How new clinical roles in primary care impact on equitable distribution of workforce: a retrospective study.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consultation complexity and professionals consulted: a retrospective cohort study in English primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Workload and funding in general practice: a nationwide cross-sectional study in England.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Building the future of UK primary care: expanding roles of general practice nurses and patient perspectives.BMC primary care · 2026Review
- Scale, Skill-Mix, and Access Implications of the Production of Appointments by Primary Care Practices in England.Health economics · 2026Article
- Has the new GP contract in Scotland reduced health inequalities? Qualitative evaluation of the views of general practitioners working in deprived areas.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Team climate, job satisfaction, burnout and practice performance: results of a national survey of staff in general practices in England.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme uptake, patient satisfaction, and QOF achievement: an ecological study from 2020-2023.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Challenges to quality in contemporary, hybrid general practice a multi-site longitudinal case study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- GP working time and supply, and patient demand in England in 2015-2022: a retrospective study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024Observational
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are inequalities in the geographical distribution of the primary care workforce in England. Primary care networks (PCNs), and the associated Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) funding, have stimulated employment of new healthcare roles. However, it is not clear whether this will impact inequalities.
aimTo examine whether the ARRS impacted inequality in the distribution of the primary care workforce. DESIGN AND
settingA retrospective before-and-after study of English PCNs in 2019 and 2022.
methodThe study combined workforce, population, and deprivation data at network level for March 2019 and March 2022. The change was estimated between 2019 and 2022 in the slope index of inequality (SII) across deprivation of full-time equivalent (FTE) GPs (total doctors, qualified GPs, and doctors-in-training), nurses, direct patient care, administrative, ARRS and non- ARRS, and total staff per 10 000 patients.
resultsA total of 1255 networks were included. Nurses and qualified GPs decreased in number while all other staff roles increased, with ARRS staff having the greatest increase. There was a pro- rich change in the SII for administrative staff (-0.482, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.841 to -0.122,
conclusionBetween 2019 and 2022 the distribution of administrative staff became less pro-poor, and doctors-in-training became pro-poor. The changes in inequality in all other staff groups were mixed. The introduction of PCNs has not substantially changed the longstanding inequalities in the geographical distribution of the primary care workforce.
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