ArticleMicrobial biotechnology2023
Non-A to E hepatitis in children: Detecting a novel viral epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Microbial biotechnology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, two further novel viral epidemics were described in 2022, monkeypox virus infections in men having sex with men and non-A to E hepatitis in children. The latter occurred in the first half of 2022 with about 1000 cases worldwide, necessitating liver transplantation in 5% and causing death in 2% of patients. It took some effort to clarify the cause of the novel hepatitis epidemic. Researchers were confronted with a polymicrobial viral infection consisting of an adenovirus-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infection, co-occurring with either human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV41) or herpesvirus infections; most prominently human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6). AAV-2, a small Dependovirus of the Parvovirus family, needs these helper viruses for its replication. AAV2 is used as a vector for liver-targeting gene therapy but was not previously known to cause acute hepatitis. HAdV41 and HHV-6 are mostly known to cause diarrhoea and febrile illnesses associated with skin rashes in children, respectively. Except for a few case reports of HHV-6 hepatitis, HAdV and HHV-6 are mostly known as major pathogens in immunosuppressed transplantation patients. A potential role of SARS-CoV-2 has also been discussed but the most popular hypothesis involves an indirect role of the COVID-19 pandemic for this novel disease. Exposure to HHV-6 infections occurs nearly quantitatively during the first year of life. Social distancing measures, followed by the lifting of these measures in 2022 might have caused a delayed exposure to multiple, normally benign childhood viral infections eliciting a dysregulated immune response with pathological effects for liver cells. In the fall of 2022, when these conditions were not longer met, case numbers dwindled. The hypothesis of an unequilibrated immune response instead of intrinsic cytopathic activity of the implicated viruses is further supported by the enrichment of a particular HLA allele in cases over controls.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.