ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2023
Frizzled2 receives WntA signaling during butterfly wing pattern formation.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- TRPA1 for Butterfly Eyespot Formation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- WntA expression and wing transcriptomics illuminate the evolution of stripe patterns in skipper butterflies.Biology open · 2025Article
- A shared gene but distinct dynamics regulate mimicry polymorphisms in closely related butterfly species.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Single-nucleus transcriptomics of wing sexual dimorphism and scale cell specialization in sulphur butterflies.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Lepidopteran scale cells derive from sensory organ precursors through a canonical lineage.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Morphogens in the evolution of size, shape and patterning.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- A long noncoding RNA at theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Spatial and temporal regulation of Wnt signaling pathway members in the development of butterfly wing patterns.Science advances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Butterfly color patterns provide visible and biodiverse phenotypic readouts of the patterning processes. Although the secreted ligand WntA has been shown to instruct the color pattern formation in butterflies, its mode of reception remains elusive. Butterfly genomes encode four homologs of the Frizzled-family of Wnt receptors. Here, we show that CRISPR mosaic knockouts of frizzled2 (fz2) phenocopy the color pattern effects of WntA loss of function in multiple nymphalids. Whereas WntA mosaic clones result in intermediate patterns of reduced size, fz2 clones are cell-autonomous, consistent with a morphogen function. Shifts in expression of WntA and fz2 in WntA crispant pupae show that they are under positive and negative feedback, respectively. Fz1 is required for Wnt-independent planar cell polarity in the wing epithelium. Fz3 and Fz4 show phenotypes consistent with Wnt competitive-antagonist functions in vein formation (Fz3 and Fz4), wing margin specification (Fz3), and color patterning in the Discalis and Marginal Band Systems (Fz4). Overall, these data show that the WntA/Frizzled2 morphogen-receptor pair forms a signaling axis that instructs butterfly color patterning and shed light on the functional diversity of insect Frizzled receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.