ReviewAnnals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches2022
Learning Curves in Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Pancreatic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Proposal of a Standardization.
Review in Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Learning curves in robotic and laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a systematic review.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The learning curve of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review of learning curve assessment methodologies, proficiency thresholds, training pathways and clinical outcomes.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Robotic versus laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy across the learning curve: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Perioperative outcomes of robotic vs laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Unplanned Intra-Operative Conversions on Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Pancreatoduodenectomy.World journal of surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Laparoscopic versus robotic abdominal and pelvic surgery: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Pooled it
- Video-based tools for surgical quality assessment of technical skills in laparoscopic procedures: a systematic review.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Pooled it
- Minimally invasive versus open pancreatic surgery: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.BJS open · 2023Pooled it
- Achievement of benchmark outcomes by a young surgical attendant performing pancreatoduodenectomies.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Trial
- Video Assessment of Surgical Performance in Robotic Gastroenterostomy During Pancreatoduodenectomy: Evaluating the Learning Curve and Risk of Delayed Gastric Emptying.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- Robotic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy after completion of the learning curve: a propensity score-matched and CUSUM analyses of perioperative outcomes.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Risk-adjusted learning curves for robotic suprapubic preperitoneal totally extraperitoneal (PeTEP) and extended totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) ventral hernia repair: a two-center cohort.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Independent risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after robotic pancreatoduodenectomy: the protective role of the modified Blumgart pancreatojejunostomy in a single surgeon retrospective cohort of 220 cases.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- Learning curve of laparoscopic duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection: a single-center dual CUSUM and risk-adjusted CUSUM analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Textbook outcomes in robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a European multicenter analysis on surgical performance and success predictors.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Competency, Proficiency, and Mastery: Learning Curves for Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy at 16 International Expert Centers.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- Application of an innovative embedded parallel pancreaticojejunostomy technique in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Trends in robotic upper gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery in Australia: a private sector-based analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Minimally Invasive Versus Open Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- Artery first approach in robotic pancreatoduodenectomy: right-sided uncinate first technique.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To depict and analyze learning curves for open, laparoscopic, and robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatectomy (DP). Background: Formal training is recommended for safe introduction of pancreatic surgery but definitions of learning curves vary and have not been standardized. Methods: A systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases identified studies on learning curves in pancreatic surgery. Primary outcome was the number needed to reach the learning curve as defined by the included studies. Secondary outcomes included endpoints defining learning curves, methods of analysis (statistical/arbitrary), and classification of learning phases. Results: Out of 1115 articles, 66 studies with 14,206 patients were included. Thirty-five studies (53%) based the learning curve analysis on statistical calculations. Most often used parameters to define learning curves were operative time (n = 51), blood loss (n = 17), and complications (n = 10). The number of procedures to surpass a first phase of learning curve was 30 (20-50) for open PD, 39 (11-60) for laparoscopic PD, 25 (8-100) for robotic PD ( Conclusions: This study summarizes learning curves for open-, laparoscopic-, and robotic pancreatic surgery with different definitions, analysis methods, and confounding factors. A standardized reporting of learning curves and definition of phases (competency, proficiency, mastery) is desirable and proposed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.