ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023
Distinct neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features of Down syndrome compared to related neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A Researcher's guide to rodent models of Down syndrome: Recent insights and translational perspectives.STAR protocols · 2026Review
- Necroptosis in Down Syndrome.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Frequency of mixed neuropathologies in individuals with down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's dementia.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Chronic suppression of monoacylglycerol lipase restores adult neurogenesis in the septal but not the temporal DG in Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome.Brain research bulletin · 2026Article
- Distinct brain regions are affected by neurodevelopmental or pre-dementia changes in Down syndrome.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging correlates with amyloid burden in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- White matter trajectories in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: Insights from diffusion tensor-based morphometry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Combined deep and reinforcement learning with gaming to promote healthcare in neurodevelopmental disorders: a new hypothesis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain volumes, cognitive, and adaptive skills in school-age children with Down syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- The Role of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease and Down Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: We critically review research findings on the unique changes in brain structure and cognitive function characteristic of Down syndrome (DS) and summarize the similarities and differences with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as Williams syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 84 studies identified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 1977 to October 2022. This review focuses on the following issues: (1) specific neuroanatomic and histopathological features of DS as revealed by autopsy and modern neuroimaging modalities, (2) language and memory deficits in DS, (3) the relationships between these neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features, and (4) neuroanatomic and neuropsychological differences between DS and related neurodevelopmental syndromes. Results: Numerous post-mortem and morphometric neuroimaging investigations of individuals with DS have reported complex changes in regional brain volumes, most notably in the hippocampal formation, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum. Moreover, neuropsychological assessments have revealed deficits in language development, emotional regulation, and memory that reflect these structural changes and are more severe than expected from general cognitive dysfunction. Individuals with DS also show relative preservation of multiple cognitive, linguistic, and social domains compared to normally developed controls and individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, all these neurodevelopment disorders exhibit substantial heterogeneity among individuals. Conclusion: People with Down syndrome demonstrate unique neurodevelopmental abnormalities but cannot be regarded as a homogenous group. A comprehensive evaluation of individual intellectual skills is essential for all individuals with neurodevelopment disorders to develop personalized care programs.
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