Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37599914›Full record

ArticleACS omega2023

Synthesis and Characterization of a Titanium-Based Functionally Graded Material-Structured Biocomposite using Powder Metallurgy.

Ehsan Ul Haq, Furqan Ahmed, Faseeh U Rehman, Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Muhammad Atif Makhdoom, Junaid Shahzad, Tooba Shafiq, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Muhammad Ali Shar, Abdulaziz Alhazaa

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ehsan Ul HaqDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Furqan AhmedDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Faseeh U RehmanDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Iftikhar Ahmed ChannaDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Off University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Muhammad Atif MakhdoomInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
Junaid ShahzadDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Tooba ShafiqDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zain-Ul-AbdeinDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-6667
Muhammad Ali SharDepartment of Mechanical & Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
Abdulaziz AlhazaaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This investigation aims at synthesizing and characterizing a biocomposite of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (Ti) as a functionally graded material (FGM) via an economical powder metallurgy route. Ti particles were produced through drilling and chipping, followed by compaction and sintering. Ti foams, so obtained, were then infused with varying volume fractions of HA. The pure Ti foam control sample and the FGM composite samples were then subjected to various characterizations to validate their biocompatibility, structural strength, and integrity. The interface development between the load-bearing Ti implant and living tissue was resolved through an FGM structure, where the base of the implant consisted of load-bearing Ti and the outer periphery changed to HA gradually. HA/Ti specimens of different volume fractions were tested for density measurements, microstructure, hardness, and bioactivity. The bioactive behavior was investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique to measure the corrosion rate of the pure Ti foam (0/100 HA/Ti) and the FGM composite (10/90 HA/Ti) samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The results showed that the hardness of FGM composites, despite being less than that of 0/100 HA/Ti, was still within safe limits. The corrosion rate, however, was found to be decreased by a significant value of almost 40% for the 10/90 HA/Ti FGM composite sample compared to the pure Ti foam control sample. It was concluded that the optimum composition 10/90 HA/Ti sample offers improved corrosion resistance while maintaining a sufficient allowable hardness level.

Identifiers

PMID37599914
PMCPMC10433502

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.