ArticlePediatrics2023
Trends and Disparities in Firearm Deaths Among Children.
Article in Pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of ShootSafe, an Interactive, Sequential Website to Teach Youths Firearms Safety: A Randomized Clinical Trial.American journal of public health · 2025Trial
- Twenty-Five Years of Firearm Homicides and Suicides Among US Children and Young Adults, 1999 to 2024: Intersectional Surveillance Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Health Insurance Instability Following Firearm Injury: A Matched Cohort Study.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- Annual Trends in Suicide Among Children Under 13 Years in South Korea, 2013-2022: Based on the Intentional Self-Harm (Suicide) Report of Statistics Korea.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Detecting Pediatric Emergency Service Use for Suicide and Self-Harm: Multimodal Analysis of 3828 Encounters.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Firearm Violence and Health in Policymaker Discourse: Mixed Methods Social Media Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Leading causes of death rankings among U.S. adolescents by race and ethnicity: A comparison of two classification schemes.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Early exposure: rising assault-related firearm injuries in school-aged children during COVID years.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Child and Adolescent Firearm-Related Homicide Occurring at Home.JAMA surgery · 2025Article
- Pediatric Upper Extremity Firearm-related Injuries: A Level I Pediatric Trauma Center Experience.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Firearm injury and young children: a critical review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Characteristics and Precipitating Circumstances of Preteen and Teen Suicide Decedents Who Died by Firearm in the United States, 2012-2021.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Firearm Injuries: Unveiling the Unmatched Healthcare Burden and Costs.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2025Article
- Examining associations between street vegetation and child firearm violence at microgeographic locations in 3 US cities: a case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- A National Evaluation of the Impact of Child Access Prevention Laws on Rates of Youth Suicide and Other Youth Firearm Deaths.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Death by Neighborhood: Preliminary Results on Disparities in Violent Deaths by Neighborhood Opportunity With the Child Opportunity Index 3.0.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Environmental racism: associations between poverty, pollution, and pediatric gun violence.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Racialized economic segregation and youth firearm carriage: community violence as a mediator.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- "Stop, don't touch, run away!": reconceptualizing firearm industry-funded youth education programs as corporate political activity.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Unintentional firearm deaths among children, 0-17 years of age, by race: Findings from the national violent death reporting system, 2015-2021.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesIn 2020, firearm injuries became the leading cause of death among US children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate new 2021 data on US pediatric firearm deaths and disparities to understand trends compared with previous years.
methodsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research was queried for firearm mortalities in children/adolescents from 2018 to 2021. Absolute mortality, death rates, and characteristics were reported. Death rates were defined per 100 000 persons in that population per year. Death rates across states were illustrated via geographic heat maps, and correlations with state poverty levels were calculated.
resultsIn 2021, firearms continued to be the leading cause of death among US children. From 2018 to 2021, there was a 41.6% increase in the firearm death rate. In 2021, among children who died by firearms, 84.8% were male, 49.9% were Black, 82.6% were aged 15 to 19 years, and 64.3% died by homicide. Black children accounted for 67.3% of firearm homicides, with a death rate increase of 1.8 from 2020 to 2021. White children accounted for 78.4% of firearm suicides. From 2020 to 2021, the suicide rate increased among Black and white children, yet decreased among American Indian or Alaskan Native children. Geographically, there were worsening clusters of firearm death rates in Southern states and increasing rates in Midwestern states from 2018 to 2021. Across the United States, higher poverty levels correlated with higher firearm death rates (R = 0.76, P < .001).
conclusionsUS pediatric firearm deaths increased in 2021, above the spike in 2020, with worsening disparities. Implementation of prevention strategies and policies among communities at highest risk is critical.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.