ArticleRMD open2023
Drug retention of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study.
Article in RMD open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-stratified treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and integrated genetic and single-cell evidence implicating IL6R/TYK2 signaling.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Persistence Among Biologic/JAKi-Naive Medicare Beneficiaries with RA Initiating Synthetic DMARDs.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes of molecular-targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: comparison between orthopaedic surgeons and rheumatologists in the multicenter retrospective ANSWER cohort.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs in Young-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Japanese evidence on Janus kinase inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review of risk-optimized use.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Real-World Safety and Efficacy of Targeted Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 5-Year, 5130-Case Follow-Up from FIRST Registry.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Predicting rheumatoid arthritis progression from seronegative undifferentiated arthritis using machine learning: a deep learning model trained on the KURAMA cohort and externally validated with the ANSWER cohort.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- JAK1-selective inhibitors versus pan-JAK inhibitors: comparative real-world study of drug retention in chronic inflammatory arthritis.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors of discontinuation of tofacitinib and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based cohort study.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors compared to biological DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and renal impairment: the ANSWER cohort study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis multicentre retrospective study in Japan aimed to assess the retention of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), and to clarify the factors affecting their retention in a real-world cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
methodsThe study included 6666 treatment courses (bDMARD-naïve or JAKi-naïve cases, 55.4%; tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) = 3577; anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibodies (aIL-6R) = 1497; cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig) = 1139; JAKi=453 cases). The reasons for discontinuation were divided into four categories (ineffectiveness, toxic adverse events, non-toxic reasons and remission); multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling by potential confounders was used to analyse the HRs of treatment discontinuation.
resultsTNFi (HR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.69 to 2.19), CTLA4-Ig (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.67) and JAKi (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63) showed a higher discontinuation rate due to ineffectiveness than aIL-6R. TNFi (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.56) and aIL-6R (HR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.57) showed a higher discontinuation rate due to toxic adverse events than CTLA4-Ig. Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids (GCs) at baseline was associated with higher discontinuation rate due to ineffectiveness in TNFi (HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.41), as well as toxic adverse events in JAKi (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.23 to 4.28) and TNFi (HR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.07 to 1.55).
conclusionsTNFi (HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.68) and CTLA4-Ig (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.30) showed a higher overall drug discontinuation rate, excluding non-toxicity and remission, than aIL-6R.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.