ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2023
Associations between maternal gestational diabetes metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from birth to 60 months of age: Findings from the Born in Bradford (BiB) study.
Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrauterine metformin exposure and adiposity outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Mother and child health 4.5 years after gestational diabetes mellitus managed using tight or less tight targets for glycaemic control: Post-hoc follow-up study of the TARGET trial.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- Dual Metabolic Burden of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) and Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal Anthropometry: Insights From the Born in Bradford Cohort.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Foetal Metformin Exposure, Childhood Adiposity and Future Cardiovascular Risk: Can We Connect the Dots?TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Long-term effects of metformin on offspring health: A review of current evidence and future directions.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Effect of in utero metformin exposure in gestational diabetes mellitus on infant mesenchymal stem cell metabolism.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Associations between maternal gestational diabetes metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from birth to 60 months of age: Findings from the Born in Bradford (BiB) study.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo investigate the associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from 0 to 60 months.
methodsParticipants were from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study. Using covariate-adjusted multilevel linear spline models (4 splines: 0-1.6, 1.6-6, 6-17 and 17-60 months), we compared weight, height and body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories of: (1) 76 offspring exposed to metformin (OGDM-Metformin) and 420 offspring exposed to insulin (OGDM-Insulin); (2) OGDM-Metformin and 9171 offspring not exposed to GDM (No-GDM); (3) OGDM-Insulin and No-GDM.
results(1) OGDM-Metformin had comparable growth trajectories to OGDM-Insulin from 0 to 60 months. (2) OGDM-Metformin had a lower mean birthweight z-score than No-GDM. OGDM-Metformin had faster changes in height z-score (0.13 [95% CI 0.026, 0.24]) from 17 to 60 months and by 60 months, had comparable mean BMI z-score to No-GDM. (3) OGDM-insulin had lower mean birthweight and height z-scores than No-GDM. OGDM-Insulin had faster changes in weight (0.32 [0.021, 0.62]) and height (0.50 [0.087, 0.91]) from 1.6 to 6 months and by 60 months, had comparable mean BMI z-score to No-GDM.
conclusionsGDM metformin treatment was not associated with differences in offspring growth trajectories compared to insulin treatment. Both metformin and insulin-exposed offspring had comparable BMI z-score to No-GDM by 60 months.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.