ArticleEndocrine2023
Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in Lebanon: 2016-2022, before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Article in Endocrine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Lebanese GRADE-based vitamin D guidelines: a paradigm for the MENA region.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Guideline
- Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Familial Mediterranean Fever: Pathogenesis, Triggers, and Immune Modulation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D supplement use in Egypt and Jordan and associated factors: A survey-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
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- Evaluation of vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor expression, and innate immune mediators in COVID-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and risk factors for atypical femoral fracture among Lebanese patients with hip and shaft fractures.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, particularly in Middle-Eastern countries. Recent Lebanese studies demonstrated an improvement in vitamin D status over time. However, the comparison between the years before and during the COVID-19 outbreak has never been analyzed in the Middle-East area. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during the last 7 years.
methodsSerum 25(OH)D levels from a large laboratory database were retrospectively collected from Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital between January 2016 and June 2022 (N = 66,127). Data related to age, gender, season and year of sampling were also retrieved.
resultsMean age of the population was 50.6 ± 19 years, 62.7% were women, 5.3% were children and adolescents, 67.6% adults and 27% elderly. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 25.7 ± 11.9 ng/mL. The overall population with vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/mL) was 31.9%. The increase in mean serum 25(OH)D observed between 2016 and 2022 was 6.36 ng/mL (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) decreased from 76.2% in 2016 to 56.5% in 2022 (p < 0.0001) with a significant difference between the period before and during the COVID-19 outbreak (72.3% vs.42.5%, p < 0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression, older age, female sex, summer season, years of the COVID-19 outbreak and outpatient samples were protective factors against the risk of hypovitaminosis D (p < 0.0001 for all variables).
conclusionOur study showed a continuous positive change in vitamin D status time, most notably after the COVID-19 outbreak. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical impact of the pandemic on vitamin D status in our population.
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