ArticleACS applied materials & interfaces2023
4D Printed Shape-Memory Elastomer for Thermally Programmable Soft Actuators.
Article in ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- 3D printable tough hydrogel actuators.Materials horizons · 2026Review
- Four-Dimensional Printing of Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Advances in DLP and SLA Manufacturing.Polymers · 2025Review
- Shape Memory Elastomers: A Review of Molecular Structures, Stimulus Mechanisms, and Emerging Applications.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Mimosa-Inspired Body Temperature-Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Networks: High Energy Densities and Multi-Recyclability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polymeric shape-memory elastomers can recover to a permeant shape from any programmed deformation under external stimuli. They are mostly cross-linked polymeric materials and can be shaped by three-dimensional (3D) printing. However, 3D printed shape-memory polymers so far only exhibit elasticity above their transition temperature, which results in their programmed shape being inelastic or brittle at lower temperatures. To date, 3D printed shape-memory elastomers with elasticity both below and above their transition temperature remain an elusive goal, which limits the application of shape-memory materials as elastic materials at low temperatures. In this paper, we printed, for the first time, a custom-developed shape-memory elastomer based on polyethylene glycol using digital light processing, which possesses elasticity and stretchability in a wide temperature range, below and above the transition temperature. Young's modulus in these two states can vary significantly, with a difference of up to 2 orders of magnitude. This marked difference in Young's modulus imparts excellent shape-memory properties to the material. The difference in Young's modulus at different temperatures allows for the programming of the pneumatic actuators by heating and softening specific areas. Consequently, a single actuator can exhibit distinct movement modes based on the programming process it undergoes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.