ReviewCardiovascular research2023
Sex-biased TGFβ signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Review in Cardiovascular research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redesigning cardiovascular medicine around sex differences.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2040: A Systematic Analysis of Incidence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years.Current medical science · 2025Article
- Sex differences in pulmonary (arterial) hypertension: does it matter?Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Bone morphogenetic protein 10 is increased in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension patients.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for pulmonary hypertension.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia from 1990 to 2021: Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Dual inhibition of TGFβ and PDGF improves RV remodeling and function in response to RV pressure or volume-loading.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Excess Activin A on the Lipids, Metabolites, and Steroids of Adult Mouse Reproductive Organs.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from Global Burden of Disease 1990-2021.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension in adults aged ≥60 years from 1990-2021: SDI-stratified trend analysis and projections to 2050.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Androgen receptor inhibitor ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension by enhancing the apoptosis level through suppressing the Notch3/Hes5 pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Targeting Soluble TGF-β Factors: Advances in Precision Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2024Review
- CD137 Signaling Mediates Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell Proliferation Under Hypoxia By Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2024Article
- Roles of LncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Novel insights and new therapeutic potentials for macrophages in pulmonary hypertension.Respiratory research · 2024Review
- Connexin43, A Promising Target to Reduce Cardiac Arrhythmia Burden in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Maternal Exercise Prior to and during Gestation Induces Sex-Specific Alterations in the Mouse Placenta.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disorder leading to pulmonary hypertension and, often fatal, right heart failure. Sex differences in PAH are evident, which primarily presents with a female predominance and increased male severity. Disturbed signalling of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family and gene mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are risk factors for PAH development, but how sex-specific cues affect the TGFβ family signalling in PAH remains poorly understood. In this review, we aim to explore the sex bias in PAH by examining sex differences in the TGFβ signalling family through mechanistical and translational evidence. Sex hormones including oestrogens, progestogens, and androgens, can determine the expression of receptors (including BMPR2), ligands, and soluble antagonists within the TGFβ family in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, sex-related genetic processes, i.e. Y-chromosome expression and X-chromosome inactivation, can influence the TGFβ signalling family at multiple levels. Given the clinical and mechanistical similarities, we expect that the conclusions arising from this review may apply also to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a rare vascular disorder affecting the TGFβ signalling family pathway. In summary, we anticipate that investigating the TGFβ signalling family in a sex-specific manner will contribute to further understand the underlying processes leading to PAH and likely HHT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.