SynthesisNeuropsychology review2024
Gradient Organization of Space, Time, and Numbers in the Brain: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies.
Synthesis in Neuropsychology review, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cortical Gradients Support Mental Time Travel into the Past and Future: Evidence from Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental commonalities in cognitive control networks for mathematics and reading in meta-analysis of 3308 participants.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Neural networks underlying magnitude perception: a specific meta-analysis of fMRI studies.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Pooled it
- Magnitude processing in young and older adults: Congruency between quantity and brightness.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Number-action coupling across the lifespan: Sensorimotor foundations of numerical cognition.iScience · 2026Review
- Mapping the functional connectome between grey matter and white matter.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Interferences between time and space in advanced age.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Disentangling Superpositions: Interpretable Brain Encoding Model with Sparse Concept Atoms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Space and time in words: exploring neural overlap and specificity.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2025Article
- Symmetrical and asymmetrical distortions in time and numerosity perception induced by chunked stimuli.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Vestibular stimulation and space-time interaction affect the perception of time during whole-body rotations.PloS one · 2025Article
- Keeping time and rhythm by internal simulation of sensory stimuli and behavioral actions.Science advances · 2024Article
- Associations between neuronavigated rTMS-mediated functional connectome plasticity and neurotransmitter receptors in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we ran a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies to pinpoint the neural regions that are commonly activated across space, time, and numerosity, and we tested the existence of gradient transitions among these magnitude representations in the brain. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included in the meta-analysis 112 experiments (for space domain), 114 experiments (time domain), and 115 experiments (numerosity domain), and we used the activation likelihood estimation method. We found a system of brain regions that was commonly recruited in all the three magnitudes, which included bilateral insula, the supplementary motor area (SMA), the right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral intraparietal sulci. Gradiental transitions between different magnitudes were found along all these regions but insulae, with space and numbers leading to gradients mainly over parietal regions (and SMA) whereas time and numbers mainly over frontal regions. These findings provide evidence for the GradiATOM theory (Gradient Theory of Magnitude), suggesting that spatial proximity given by overlapping activations and gradients is a key aspect for efficient interactions and integrations among magnitudes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.