ArticleBrain and behavior2023
Preliminary findings on long-term effects of fMRI neurofeedback training on functional networks involved in sustained attention.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the dopaminergic midbrain with precision 7-Tesla biofeedback training in depression: A proof-of-principle randomized controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Reduced temporal and spatial stability of neural activity patterns predict cognitive control deficits in children with ADHD.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neurofeedback Training Facilitates Awareness and Enhances Emotional Well-being Associated with Real-World Meditation Practice: A 7-T MRI Study.Mindfulness · 2025Article
- Closed-Loop Transcranial Electrical Neurostimulation for Sustained Attention Enhancement: A Pilot Study towards Personalized Intervention Strategies.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mindfulness-based neurofeedback: A systematic review of EEG and fMRI studies.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Preliminary findings on long-term effects of fMRI neurofeedback training on functional networks involved in sustained attention.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNeurofeedback based on functional magnetic resonance imaging allows for learning voluntary control over one's own brain activity, aiming to enhance cognition and clinical symptoms. We previously reported improved sustained attention temporarily by training healthy participants to up-regulate the differential activity of the sustained attention network minus the default mode network (DMN). However, the long-term brain and behavioral effects of this training have not yet been studied. In general, despite their relevance, long-term learning effects of neurofeedback training remain under-explored.
methodsHere, we complement our previously reported results by evaluating the neurofeedback training effects on functional networks involved in sustained attention and by assessing behavioral and brain measures before, after, and 2 months after training. The behavioral measures include task as well as questionnaire scores, and the brain measures include activity and connectivity during self-regulation runs without feedback (i.e., transfer runs) and during resting-state runs from 15 healthy individuals.
resultsNeurally, we found that participants maintained their ability to control the differential activity during follow-up sessions. Further, exploratory analyses showed that the training increased the functional connectivity between the DMN and the occipital gyrus, which was maintained during follow-up transfer runs but not during follow-up resting-state runs. Behaviorally, we found that enhanced sustained attention right after training returned to baseline level during follow-up.
conclusionThe discrepancy between lasting regulation-related brain changes but transient behavioral and resting-state effects raises the question of how neural changes induced by neurofeedback training translate to potential behavioral improvements. Since neurofeedback directly targets brain measures to indirectly improve behavior in the long term, a better understanding of the brain-behavior associations during and after neurofeedback training is needed to develop its full potential as a promising scientific and clinical tool.
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