ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
Beyond human expertise: the promise and limitations of ChatGPT in suicide risk assessment.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Chatbots in Mental Health Screening and Assessment: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2026Pooled it
- The Application and Ethical Implication of Generative AI in Mental Health: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating of BERT-based and Large Language Mod for Suicide Detection, Prevention, and Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical systems · 2024Pooled it
- Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in psychiatry and mental health care: a systematic review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Pooled it
- Applications of large language models in psychiatry: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for suicidal and self-injurious-related behaviors among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese practices.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- An AI Perspective on Counseling Supervision.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring Student Perceptions of Generative AI Therapists and Their Benefits and Challenges in Schools.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2026Article
- Exploring the potential of ChatGPT as a digital advisor in acute psychiatric crises: a feasibility study.Der Nervenarzt · 2026Article
- Large language models for psychosocial risk assessment: A multi-method evaluation across suicide, intimate partner violence, and substance misuse.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Help-Seeking in the Age of AI: Cross-Sectional Survey of the Use and Perceptions of AI-Based Mental Health Support Among US Adults.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Hybrid AI and Human Suicide Detection Within Digital Peer Support.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding psychiatrist readiness for AI: a study of access, self-efficacy, trust, and design expectations.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- The effectiveness of multilingual AI-based simulator for suicide risk assessment training in improving self-efficacy among young psychiatrists: a pilot study across twenty languages.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Are artificial intelligence chatbots safe for suicide risk assessment? A narratively synthesized review of current evidence.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Large Language Models for Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mental Disorders: A Review of Systematic Reviews.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- ChatGPT Clinical Use in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review of Empirical Evidence.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Alignment Between Large Language Models and Expert Clinicians in Suicide Risk Assessment.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Generative AI-assisted clinical interviewing of mental health.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model developed by OpenAI, holds the potential for contributing to the field of mental health. Nevertheless, although ChatGPT theoretically shows promise, its clinical abilities in suicide prevention, a significant mental health concern, have yet to be demonstrated. To address this knowledge gap, this study aims to compare ChatGPT's assessments of mental health indicators to those of mental health professionals in a hypothetical case study that focuses on suicide risk assessment. Specifically, ChatGPT was asked to evaluate a text vignette describing a hypothetical patient with varying levels of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The ChatGPT assessments were compared to the norms of mental health professionals. The results indicated that ChatGPT rated the risk of suicide attempts lower than did the mental health professionals in all conditions. Furthermore, ChatGPT rated mental resilience lower than the norms in most conditions. These results imply that gatekeepers, patients or even mental health professionals who rely on ChatGPT for evaluating suicidal risk or as a complementary tool to improve decision-making may receive an inaccurate assessment that underestimates the actual suicide risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.