ArticleOphthalmic epidemiology2024
Association of Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.
Article in Ophthalmic epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cultivated autologous limbal epithelial cell (CALEC) transplantation for limbal tem cell deficiency: a phase I/II clinical trial of the first xenobiotic-free, serum-free, antibiotic-free manufacturing protocol developed in the US.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Intereye Agreement in Dry-Eye Signs in the DREAM Study: Implications for Future Dry-Eye Trials.Cornea · 2025Trial
- Risk of Incident Dry Eye Disease Among Patients With Chronic Pain Conditions.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Eyelid and tear-film factors associated with contact lens discomfort symptom burden among wearers attending after-care in Kisumu County, Kenya: a clinic-based cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Evolution of Treatment Outcomes with Once-Daily Ciclosporin A 0.1% Cationic Emulsion in Patients with Dry Eye Disease and Severe Keratitis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Dry Eye Disease: From Mechanisms to Management and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Current and Developing Therapeutics for Dry Eye Disease: Targeting Ion Channels.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Relationship between tear film stability, dry eye symptoms, and night driving vision among Malaysian adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- From Symptoms to Satisfaction: Optimizing Patient-Centered Care in Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the correlations among symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED) in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study.
methodsA total of 535 patients with moderate-to-severe DED were assessed for symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and four DED signs in both eyes (conjunctival lissamine green staining, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer's testing, and tear break-up time (TBUT)) following standardized protocols at baseline and follow-up visits (months 3, 6, and 12). Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) were calculated for correlations among symptoms and signs of DED at baseline and among changes in symptoms and signs from baseline at 12 months. The confidence intervals and p-values for correlation coefficients were calculated using a cluster bootstrapping to account for inter-eye correlation.
resultsAt baseline, OSDI total score was not correlated with signs; however, OSDI subscale score of ocular symptoms was weakly correlated with corneal staining score (rho = 0.14, p = .002) and Schirmer test score (rho = 0.11, p = .01). There were statistically significant correlations among the four signs (p < .001), with absolute correlation coefficient ranging from 0.14 (conjunctival staining score vs. TBUT) to 0.33 (conjunctival staining score vs. cornea staining score). The correlations among changes in symptoms and signs were weaker, with the highest correlation between change in conjunctival staining and corneal staining (rho = 0.21, p < .001).
conclusionsConsistent with previous studies, among DREAM participants with moderate-to-severe DED at baseline, correlations of DED symptoms with signs were low and correlations among four objective signs were low to moderate. The correlations among changes in symptoms and signs were even weaker.
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Registered trials
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