ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2023
Thyroid function and urinary concentrations of iodine, selenium, and arsenic in vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians and pescatarians.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Gluten-Free Diet in Non-Celiac Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Food Pattern, Food Selenium and Environmental Stress Regulating the Urinary Selenium in Tibetan Population.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- The role of nutrition on thyroid health and disease: myths and facts.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Environmental and Population Biomonitoring of Selenium in Eastern Croatia.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Associations between food group intake and serum levels of selenium and other essential and toxic trace elements in adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Nutrient supply and adequacy of macro- and micronutrients from Swedish agricultural production in 2024.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Are Dietary Habits the Missing Link Between Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Osteoporosis?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Risk of hypothyroidism in meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a population-based prospective study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Emerging Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Vegan Diets for Children: A Narrative Review of Position Papers Published by Relevant Associations.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePopulations following a plant-based diet may be at particular risk of thyroid dysfunction due to low iodine and selenium intakes. The main purpose was to assess thyroid function and urinary concentration of iodine, selenium, and arsenic, in subjects following a vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, or pescatarian diet.
methodsIn Norway, a country without mandatory dietary iodine fortification, 205 adults, following vegan (n = 115), lacto-ovo vegetarian (n = 55) and pescatarian diet (n = 35) were included. Thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and serum anti-TPO (S-anti-TPO) were measured in a venous blood sample and concentrations of iodine (UIC), creatinine (UCC), selenium, and arsenic were measured from single spot urine samples.
resultsSubclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.0 mU/L) was observed in 3% of subjects. The overall median (p25, p75) Tg was 17 (9, 30) µg/L and vegans had higher Tg compared to pescatarians. Vegans not consuming iodine-containing supplements (n = 43) had higher Tg, than supplement users (n = 72), 27 (11, 44) vs. 16 (8, 25) µg/L and higher fT4, 16 (15, 17) vs. 15 (14, 17) pmol/L, respectively. The overall median UIC was 57 (28, 130) µg/L, all dietary groups had median UIC below WHO thresholds. Median urinary selenium and arsenic concentration was 13 (6, 22) and 3 (2, 8) µg/L, respectively.
conclusionThe prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was low and fT4 and fT3 were within the normal range for all dietary groups. Vegans had significantly increased Tg compared to pescatarians.
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