Trial reportNature metabolism2023
Liraglutide restores impaired associative learning in individuals with obesity.
Trial report in Nature metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurotransmitters in memory destabilization: An integrative perspective framed by prediction error and novelty.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- The GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Obesity facts · 2026Article
- Beyond weight loss: Integrating GLP-1 RA therapies into psychological and behavioral care for obesity and binge eating disorder.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Metabolism and the Mind: Investigating the Link Between Glucose Control and Reinforcement Learning in Humans.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Linking systemic metabolic state to long-term motor memory: Insights from respiratory exchange ratio and glucose manipulation.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Prefrontal cortex-to-hypothalamic outputs orchestrate cue-potentiated palatable food consumption via AMPKβ2 signaling.Cell discovery · 2026Article
- Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders.Addiction biology · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists as emerging therapeutics in bipolar disorder: a narrative review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Revisiting food addiction in the era of GLP-1-based obesity pharmacotherapy via neural reward pathways linking feeding and substance use.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neurobiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Binge Eating Disorder: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metrics of glycemic control but not body weight influence flavor nutrient conditioning in humans.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- An interoceptive model of energy allostasis linking metabolic and mental health.Science advances · 2025Review
- Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes - the 'forgotten' diabetes complication: a narrative review.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2025Review
- A New Genre of Digital Texts That Explore Children's Frame of Mind, Health Literacy Skills, and Behavioral Intentions for Obesity Prevention.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enterococcus faecalis SI-FC-01 enhances the stress resistance and healthspan of C. elegans via AKT signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multimodal Neuroimaging of Obesity: From Structural-Functional Mechanisms to Precision Interventions.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Mitophagy in perioperative neurocognitive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Exciting Avenues Beyond Weight Loss.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025 · on this mapReview
- The gut and heart's role in reward processing.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Review
- Postingestive reward acts through behavioral reinforcement and is conserved in obesity and after bariatric surgery.PLoS biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Survival under selective pressure is driven by the ability of our brain to use sensory information to our advantage to control physiological needs. To that end, neural circuits receive and integrate external environmental cues and internal metabolic signals to form learned sensory associations, consequently motivating and adapting our behaviour. The dopaminergic midbrain plays a crucial role in learning adaptive behaviour and is particularly sensitive to peripheral metabolic signals, including intestinal peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In a single-blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover basic human functional magnetic resonance imaging study relying on a computational model of the adaptive learning process underlying behavioural responses, we show that adaptive learning is reduced when metabolic sensing is impaired in obesity, as indexed by reduced insulin sensitivity (participants: N = 30 with normal insulin sensitivity; N = 24 with impaired insulin sensitivity). Treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide normalizes impaired learning of sensory associations in men and women with obesity. Collectively, our findings reveal that GLP-1 receptor activation modulates associative learning in people with obesity via its central effects within the mesoaccumbens pathway. These findings provide evidence for how metabolic signals can act as neuromodulators to adapt our behaviour to our body's internal state and how GLP-1 receptor agonists work in clinics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.