ArticlePloS one2023
The association between all-cause mortality and HIV acquisition risk groups in the United States, 2001-2014.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ten-Year Cost Projections for Medicare Beneficiaries 65 Years or Older With HIV.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Clinical Consequences of Delaying Implementation of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy for People With HIV and Persistent Viremia in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Modeled Health and Economic Burden of Frailty and Falls Among Adults With HIV.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Trends and disparities in human immunodeficiency virus and chronic liver disease mortality in the United States: A nationwide analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate associations between all-cause mortality and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk groups among people without HIV in the United States.
methodsWe used data from 23,657 (NHANES) participants (2001-2014) and the Linked Mortality File to classify individuals without known HIV into HIV acquisition risk groups: people who ever injected drugs (ever-PWID); men who have sex with men (MSM); heterosexually active people at increased risk for HIV (HIH), using low income as a proxy for increased risk. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted and unadjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsCompared with sex-specific heterosexually active people at average risk for HIV (HAH), the adjusted HR (95% CI) were: male ever-PWID 1.67 (1.14, 2.46), female ever-PWID 3.50 (2.04, 6.01), MSM 1.51 (1.00, 2.27), male HIH 1.68 (1.04, 2.06), female HIH 2.35 (1.87, 2.95), and male ever-PWID 1.67 (1.14, 2.46).
conclusionsMost people at increased risk for HIV in the US experience higher all-cause mortality than people at average risk. Strategies addressing social determinants that increase HIV risk should be incorporated into HIV prevention and other health promotion programs.
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