ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2023
Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Casual effect of ulcerative colitis on chronic heart failure: results from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between thyroid hormone T3 and aggression in drug-naïve schizophrenia: a directed acyclic graph analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Recognition and confirmation of key genes associated with nicotinamide metabolism in acute myocardial infarction.Hereditas · 2026Article
- Investigating the causal impact of gut microbiota on periodontitis based on Mendelian randomization, bulk transcriptomics, and single-cell transcriptomics.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Genetics of Thyroid Function: Relevance for Biology and Disease Management.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone and cognitive impairment in non-depressed non-demented multiethnic middle-aged and older US adults: Assessing sex-specific risk prediction.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics plus · 2025Article
- Is There a Link Between TSH Levels and Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Thyroid Hormone Dynamics and DIO2 Variants in Schizophrenia: Exploring Genetic Links to Neuroendocrine Imbalance.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of obesity in patients with major depressive disorder at different ages of onset.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Correlation analyse between thyroid hormone levels and severity of schizophrenia symptoms.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Causal link between mental disorders and gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Effects of PMEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Asparagine reduces the risk of schizophrenia: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study of aspartate, asparagine and schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Causal associations between severe COVID-19 and diseases of seven organs: a proteome-wide mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Application of Mendelian randomization in thyroid diseases: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with inconsistent behavioral and cognitive abnormalities with profound effects on the individual and the society. Individuals with schizophrenia have altered thyroid function, but results from observational studies are conflicting. To date, it remains unclear whether and in which direction there is a causal relationship between thyroid function and schizophrenia. To investigate causal paths, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies including up to 330,132 Europeans. Thyroid function was described by the normal-range thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine levels as well as an increased and decreased TSH status. The iterative radial inverse-variance weighted approach with modified second order weights was used as the main method. Based on a discovery and replication sample for schizophrenia, pooled effect estimates were derived using a fixed-effect meta-analysis. Robustness of results was assessed using both a range of pleiotropy robust methods and a network analysis that clustered genetic instruments potentially responsible for horizontal pleiotropy. Genetic liability for hypothyroidism was inversely associated with schizophrenia ([Formula: see text]; 95% CI: (-0.10; -0.02); [Formula: see text]). No notable associations were observed between other thyroid parameters and schizophrenia. Furthermore, no associations could be detected in the reverse direction. Our results suggest that an elevated level of TSH reduce the risk for schizophrenia. The role of thyroid function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the development of schizophrenia should be subject of further research.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.