ReviewJSES reviews, reports, and techniques2022
Atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head: pathophysiology and current concepts of evaluation and treatment.
Review in JSES reviews, reports, and techniques, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Postoperative Complications in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Osteonecrosis of the humeral head under corticosteroid therapy for non-medical reason in a 14-year-old female patient: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Late-presenting chronic humeral head collapse, Cruess stage V, managed with modular uncemented hemiarthroplasty.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- An in-depth examination of bone avascular necrosis and early-stage treatment modalities utilizing regenerative medicine.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Humeral head avascular necrosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2025Article
- A case series and review of canine idiopathic osteonecrosis of the jaw.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Arthroscopic-Assisted Intraosseous Bioplasty of the Humeral Head for Osteonecrosis.Arthroscopy techniques · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The humeral head is considered the second most common site for osteonecrosis to occur after the femoral head. As seen in the femoral head, the circulatory implications characteristic of this condition are attributable to the interaction between a genetic predisposition and the exposure to certain risk factors. There is no consensus regarding the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis, yet the final common pathway results in disrupted blood supply, increased intraosseous pressure, and bone death. Disease staging using radiography and magnetic resonance imaging is predictive of disease progression and can help the orthopedic surgeon to guide treatment. Although there is a myriad of treatment modalities, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to conclude what is the most appropriate treatment option for each stage of humeral head osteonecrosis. Nonoperative treatment is the preferred option in early-stage disease, and it may prevent disease progression. Nonetheless, in some cases, disease progression occurs despite nonoperative measures, and surgical treatment is required. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the available evidence on risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of atraumatic humeral head osteonecrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.