ArticleEvolutionary human sciences2021
How pride works.
Article in Evolutionary human sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding shame, guilt, embarrassment and pride: a systematic review of self-conscious emotions.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- I feel competent and proud when I recall experiential: a self-determination perspective.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Trophies for All? Children's and Adolescents' Reasoning About Inclusive Versus Selective Awards.Developmental science · 2026Article
- The interpersonal and intrapsychic functions of the pride expression.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- The influence of psychological ownership on pride in a Citizen Science project on wildlife ecology.PloS one · 2026Article
- Challenges and Social Implications of Informal Caregiving for People with Alzheimer's: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Status-impact assessment: is accuracy linked with status motivations?Evolutionary human sciences · 2023Article
- The Role of the Fear of Positive Evaluation in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and the Pride Experience and Expression.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behaviorArticle
- Are Emotions Natural Kinds After All? Rethinking the Issue of Response Coherence.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behaviorArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emotion of pride appears to be a neurocognitive guidance system to capitalize on opportunities to become more highly valued and respected by others. Whereas the inputs and the outputs of pride are relatively well understood, little is known about how the pride system matches inputs to outputs. How does pride work? Here we evaluate the hypothesis that pride magnitude matches the various outputs it controls to the present activating conditions - the precise degree to which others would value the focal individual if the individual achieved a particular achievement. Operating in this manner would allow the pride system to balance the competing demands of effectiveness and economy, to avoid the dual costs of under-deploying and over-deploying its outputs. To test this hypothesis, we measured people's responses regarding each of 25 socially valued traits. We observed the predicted magnitude matchings. The intensities of the pride feeling and of various motivations of pride (communicating the achievement, demanding better treatment, investing in the valued trait and pursuing new challenges) vary in proportion: (a) to one another; and (b) to the degree to which audiences value each achievement. These patterns of magnitude matching were observed both within and between the USA and India. These findings suggest that pride works cost-effectively, promoting the pursuit of achievements and facilitating the gains from others' valuations that make those achievements worth pursuing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.