ArticleEvolutionary human sciences2020
The demography of human warfare can drive sex differences in altruism.
Article in Evolutionary human sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Fitness consequences of outgroup conflict.eLife · 2022Review
- Evolution of warfare by resource raiding favours polymorphism in belligerence and bravery.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Culture and group-functional punishment behaviour.Evolutionary human sciences · 2022Article
- The evolution of altruism through war is highly sensitive to population structure and to civilian and fighter mortality.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Relatedness within and between Agta residential groups.Evolutionary human sciences · 2021Article
- Modelling cultural selection on biological fitness to integrate social transmission and adaptive explanations for human behaviour.Evolutionary human sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Recent years have seen great interest in the suggestion that between-group aggression and within-group altruism have coevolved. However, these efforts have neglected the possibility that warfare - via its impact on demography - might influence human social behaviours more widely, not just those directly connected to success in war. Moreover, the potential for sex differences in the demography of warfare to translate into sex differences in social behaviour more generally has remained unexplored. Here, we develop a kin-selection model of altruism performed by men and women for the benefit of their groupmates in a population experiencing intergroup conflict. We find that warfare can promote altruistic, helping behaviours as the additional reproductive opportunities winners obtain in defeated groups decrease harmful competition between kin. Furthermore, we find that sex can be a crucial modulator of altruism, with there being a tendency for the sex that competes more intensely with relatives to behave more altruistically and for the sex that competes more intensely with non-relatives in defeated groups to receive more altruism. In addition, there is also a tendency for the less-dispersing sex to both give and receive more altruism. We discuss implications for our understanding of observed sex differences in cooperation in human societies.
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