ArticleScientific reports2023
The Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum, salivary factors exacerbate the clinical outcome of Heartland virus disease in a small animal model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bibliometric and visualized analysis of heartland virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Pre-existing immunity to heartland virus protects rhesus macaques from challenge with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- Spotted fever group Rickettsia infection kinetics and cutaneous host response during single tick feeding events.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- SFTSV NSs protein is a tick antiviral RNAi response suppressor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Co-feeding transmission of Heartland virus between the North American tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), and the invasive East Asian tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- Tick-borne viruses: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and animal models.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Pathogenesis and virulence of Heartland virus.Virulence · 2024Review
- Modeling Heartland virus disease in mice and therapeutic intervention with 4'-fluorouridine.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Heartland Virus Disease-An Underreported Emerging Infection.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- A glimpse into the world of microRNAs and their putative roles in hard ticks.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heartland virus was first isolated in 2009 from two patients in Missouri and is transmitted by the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum. To understand disease transmission and pathogenesis, it is necessary to develop an animal model which utilizes the natural route of transmission and manifests in a manner similar to documented human cases. Herein we describe our investigations on identifying A129 mice as the most appropriate small animal model for HRTV pathogenesis that mimics human clinical outcomes. We further investigated the impact of tick saliva in enhancing pathogen transmission and clinical outcomes. Our investigations revealed an increase in viral load in the groups of mice that received both virus and tick salivary gland extract (SGE). Spleens of all infected mice showed extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH), depleted white pulp, and absence of germinal centers. This observation mimics the splenomegaly observed in natural human cases. In the group that received both HRTV and tick SGE, the clinical outcome of HRTV infection was exacerbated compared to HRTV only infection. EH scores and the presence of viral antigens in spleen were higher in mice that received both HRTV and tick SGE. In conclusion, we have developed a small animal model that mimics natural human infection and also demonstrated the impact of tick salivary factors in exacerbating the HRTV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.