ArticleJournal of occupational rehabilitation2024
Development and Initial Validation of the First Questionnaire to Evaluate Performance-related Pain Among Musicians with Different Backgrounds: Performance-related Pain Among Musicians Questionnaire (PPAM).
Article in Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Pain in Student and Professional Musicians: Associations with Practice Habits and Healthcare Support.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Performance-Related Pain Among Professional Orchestra Musicians-The First Portuguese Nationwide Study (POMPS).European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Performance-Related Pain Among Musicians: A Multicenter Study Using Validated Tools.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo develop and perform the expert's content validation and pretesting of the first questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate performance-related pain among musicians with different backgrounds.
methodsThe development of the Performance-related Pain Among Musicians Questionnaire (PPAM) was carried out in 4 phases: (1) item generation, (2) experts' panel evaluation and content validation (3) pretesting, and (4) conceptualization of the final version. For item generation we conducted two systematic reviews to identify the existing tools evaluating similar constructs and the predictive factors of performance-related pain. Four expert panel meetings and three pilot tests were performed, with a total of 94 musicians.
resultsFrom the 1154 articles initially found in the literature search, 153 were included (65 related to pain tools and 88 related to predictive factors) and a pool of 115 items were created. After expert panel evaluation and pretesting, a final self-report questionnaire was defined, comprising 33 core items to evaluate 3 constructs (pain intensity, pain interference in general activities and pain interference in performance), as well as 32 additional items (optional module - predictive factors).
conclusionsThe PPAM Questionnaire is specifically designed and validated for musicians and can be applied for all types of musicians (professional, amateur and music students), allowing the development of comparative studies between musicians. It is a new enriched tool, easy to respond and disseminate to large, multicentre, and international samples. PPAM is suitable for research and clinical practice purposes and will allow the improved assessment and monitoring of pain in this occupational context.
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