ArticleCureus2023
The Prevalence of Anemia in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) and the Relationship Between the Severity of Anemia and the Severity of DFU.
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Control to Cure: Insights into the Synergy of Glycemic and Antibiotic Management in Modulating the Severity and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Longitudinal assessment of the impact of prevalent diabetes on hospital admissions and mortality in the general population: a prospective population-based study with 19 years of follow-up.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care medical unit, Sri Lanka.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot ulcers: A retrospective analysis.International wound journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between inflammatory markers and anemia in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Amputation for Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Retrospective Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Association between anemia and diabetic lower extremity ulcers among US outpatients in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsWe aim to determine the prevalence of anemia in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and estimate the relationship between the severity of anemia and diabetic foot ulcer. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe retrospectively collected and evaluated the data of 323 patients hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). We included 299 type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers of neuropathic or neuroischemic nature with infection. Anemia was defined based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and the severity of DFU was classified in University of Texas (UT) grades.
resultsAnemia was detected in 94.3% of DFU, and the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe anemia was 16.7%, 55.7%, and 27.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean hemoglobin (Hb) levels among the patients with varying grades of severity of DFU (1B: Hb=10.17±2.08 gm/dL, 2B: Hb=9.27±2.04 gm/dL, 3B: Hb=8.03±1.829 gm/dL; p value=<0.0001). The iron study was available in 141 (47.15%) patients and was suggestive of anemia of chronic disorder (mean serum iron=40.22±23.81 mcg/dL, mean total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)=239.34±67.24 mcg/dL, mean ferritin=378.05±141.337 ng/mL). TIBC significantly decreased (1B=262.13±61.05, 2B=233.65±71.26, 3B=222.43±74.18; p=0.04), and ferritin significantly increased (1B=309.9±70.76, 2B=351.73±94.22, 3B=488.58±170.4; p<0.0001) with increasing DFU severity. Hemoglobin was significantly decreased at the time of discharge in comparison to that at admission (9.3±2.1 gm/dL versus 8.8±1.5 gm/dL; p value=0.01). Red blood cell (RBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte counts, albumin, calcium, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly decreased with the increase of DFU severity. The duration of hospitalization, total leucocyte counts, neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increased with the severity of DFU.
conclusionsThe prevalence of anemia was very high in DFU and more than three-fourths of the patients had moderate to severe anemia. The severity of anemia was associated with the severity of DFU. The most common cause of anemia was anemia of chronic disorder secondary to diabetic foot infection. During the period of hospitalization, hemoglobin decreased despite improvement in DFU infection.
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