ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
Early and stable difficulties of everyday executive functions predict autism symptoms and emotional/behavioral problems in preschool age children with autism: a 2-year longitudinal study.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effortful Control but Not Negative Affectivity Predicts Intensity of Restricted Repetitive Behaviors in Toddlers With Neurodevelopmental Conditions.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal brain-state dynamics delineate executive function subtypes in school-aged autism: evidence from co-activation patterns and a four-year follow-up.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Learning from the Two Case Reports of the Enriched Motor Intervention for the Development of Executive Functions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of executive function training in preschool children with ASD: a randomized controlled trial.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- The relationship between cognitive flexibility and restricted, repetitive behaviors in children with autism: parents' reports vs. cognitive task performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal profiles of executive function in autistic and non-autistic children at high likelihood of autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Social Skills Interventions for Adolescents with Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Longitudinal studies of autistic children show that autism symptoms and emotional/behavioral problems vary and change over time. However, the factors that affect this variability remain far from certain and very little is known about what take place in the preschool period and the role of executive functions (EF). Methods: Here, we test the influence of stable difficulties in everyday executive functioning (EEF) during early childhood across 2 years on autistic symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems. Twenty-nine autistic children (24 males and 5 females) were assessed twice within the space of 2 years. At baseline (M = 29 months, SD =5.6 months), participants were assessed for EEF, cognitive development, autistic symptoms, and emotional/behavioral problems. At follow-up, we repeated the same assessment except for cognitive development. Results: The group with stable difficulties (across 2 years) in EEF during early childhood showed a worsening in the severity of autistic symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems compared with children without EEF difficulties ( Discussion: Our results suggest that early and stable EEF plays the role of a modifier by interacting with the core domains of autism, in particular with the social affect domain (SA CSS), influencing social cognition and exacerbating or lessening symptom expression and emotional behavioral problems. These short-term longitudinal and preliminary findings underscore the importance of EEF as necessary target for early intervention in children with autism.
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