ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2023
Aesthetic Units and Zones of Adherence: Relevance to Surgical Planning in the Head and Neck.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Italian Expert Consensus on the Efficacy and Safety of High Doses of Incobotulinum Toxin A (BocoutureDermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Tunneled flaps reconstruction after facial tumor resection: Retrospective study and new forehead flap.JPRAS open · 2025Article
- Surface Anatomy and Sensory Evaluation of Dermatomes: A Guide for Residents.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Aesthetic units (AUs) and zones of adherence (ZA) have been previously described in the face; however, a systematic classification of AUs and ZAs together with a unified approach to planning surgery has not been previously described for head and neck surgery. The five principles of surgical planning necessitate respect for AUs, ZAs, and flexion creases; correct scar orientation; and replacing tissue "like for like" by adhering to the four "Ts" of reconstruction (tone, texture, type, and thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue). Methods: Images of male and female patients and stock images (from iStock) were reviewed and analyzed. Results: AUs and ZAs were described and tabulated. Conclusions: Surgical planning necessitates respect for AUs and ZAs and avoidance of maneuvers that will transgress aesthetic unit interfaces or eliminate AUs. An aesthetic atlas of AUs and ZAs is useful for planning surgery, preventing errors, and optimizing aesthetic results.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.