ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2023
Networks of Neurodevelopmental Traits, Socioenvironmental Factors, Emotional Dysregulation in Childhood, and Depressive Symptoms Across Development in Two U.K. Cohorts.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders on the Clinical Presentations and Therapeutic Outcomes of Children and Adolescents with Severe Mood Disorders: A Multicenter Observational Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Observational
- Understanding the mechanistic links between neurodevelopmental traits and internalising problems: the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and negative problem orientation.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- FTO-mediated mActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Resilience and coping styles mediate the associations of autistic and ADHD traits with internet addiction in general adolescents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Psychometric Properties of Measuring Tools for Depression in Autistic Youths: A Systematic Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious population-based studies have identified associations between childhood neurodevelopmental traits and depression in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. However, neurodevelopmental traits are highly correlated with each other, which could confound associations when traits are examined in isolation. The authors sought to identify unique associations between multiple neurodevelopmental traits in childhood and depressive symptoms across development, while taking into account co-occurring difficulties, in multivariate analyses.
methodsData from two U.K. population-based cohorts, the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) (N=4,407 independent twins) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N=10,351), were independently analyzed. Bayesian Gaussian graphical models were estimated to investigate pairwise conditional associations between neurodevelopmental traits (autism and ADHD symptoms and general cognitive, learning, and communication abilities), socioenvironmental stressors (academic performance and peer relations), and emotional dysregulation in childhood (ages 7-11) and depressive symptoms across development (ages 12, 16, and 21).
resultsIn both cohorts, bivariate correlations indicated several associations between neurodevelopmental traits and depressive symptoms across development. However, based on replicated findings across cohorts, these pairs of variables were mostly conditionally independent, and none were conditionally associated, after accounting for socioenvironmental stressors and emotional dysregulation. In turn, socioenvironmental stressors and emotional dysregulation were conditionally associated with both neurodevelopmental traits and depressive symptoms. Based on replicated findings across cohorts, neurodevelopmental traits in childhood could be associated only indirectly with depressive symptoms across development.
conclusionsThis study indicates that associations between childhood neurodevelopmental traits and depressive symptoms across development could be explained by socioenvironmental stressors and emotional dysregulation. The present findings could inform future research aimed at the prevention of depression in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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