ArticleMolecular psychiatry2023
Extracellular free water elevations are associated with brain volume and maternal cytokine response in a longitudinal nonhuman primate maternal immune activation model.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal maternal immune activation triggers lasting cell-specific transcriptomic dysregulation in the amygdala of primate offspring.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Maternal immune activation during gestation modulates offspring immune profiles in a nonhuman primate model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Exploring epigenetic modifications following maternal immune activation: a focus on cross-species translational potential.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Differential effect of cannabis use and antipsychotic medication on extracellular free-water in the brain of individuals with early psychosis and controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Maternal immune activation alters infant attentional processing in a nonhuman primate model.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Altered extracellular matrix structure and elevated stiffness in a brain organoid model for disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genetic Associations Among Inflammation, White Matter Architecture, and Extracellular Free Water.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Inhibitory Systems in Brain Evolution: Pathways of Vulnerability in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Brain, behavior and evolution · 2025Review
- Elevated Extracellular Free Water in the Brain Predicts Clinical Improvement in First-Episode Psychosis.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Modulation and distribution of extracellular free water and tract deficits in rhesus macaques before and after the initiation of emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + dotutegravir treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Alterations in the Intrauterine Environment Shape Offspring Brain Development in a Sex-Specific Manner.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Maternal prenatal immune activation associated with brain tissue microstructure and metabolite concentrations in newborn infants.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Altered brain metabolites in male nonhuman primate offspring exposed to maternal immune activation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- IL-6 Enhances the Activation of PI3K-AKT/mTOR-GSK-3β by Upregulating GRPR in Hippocampal Neurons of Autistic Mice.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal infection has emerged as an important environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Animal model systems of maternal immune activation (MIA) suggest that the maternal immune response plays a significant role in the offspring's neurodevelopment and behavioral outcomes. Extracellular free water is a measure of freely diffusing water in the brain that may be associated with neuroinflammation and impacted by MIA. The present study evaluates the brain diffusion characteristics of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) born to MIA-exposed dams (n = 14) treated with a modified form of the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid at the end of the first trimester. Control dams received saline injections at the end of the first trimester (n = 10) or were untreated (n = 4). Offspring underwent diffusion MRI scans at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 45 months. Offspring born to MIA-exposed dams showed significantly increased extracellular free water in cingulate cortex gray matter starting as early as 6 months of age and persisting through 45 months. In addition, offspring gray matter free water in this region was significantly correlated with the magnitude of the maternal IL-6 response in the MIA-exposed dams. Significant correlations between brain volume and extracellular free water in the MIA-exposed offspring also indicate converging, multimodal evidence of the impact of MIA on brain development. These findings provide strong evidence for the construct validity of the nonhuman primate MIA model as a system of relevance for investigating the pathophysiology of human neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Elevated free water in individuals exposed to immune activation in utero could represent an early marker of a perturbed or vulnerable neurodevelopmental trajectory.
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