ArticleImmunity2023
Human microglia maturation is underpinned by specific gene regulatory networks.
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In one paragraph
Article in Immunity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A reproducible three-dimensional model of human brain tissue to investigate physiological and disease-associated microglia phenotypes.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- ARID5A RNA-binding coordinates microglial defense and ferroptosis in iPSC-derived models.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Human-specific SRGAP2 paralogs synchronize neotenic microglial maturation and synaptic development.Neuron · 2026Article
- Microglial maturation across human and mouse as a reference for interpreting large-animal models of perinatal brain injury.Pediatric research · 2026Review
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- A consensus atlas of human brain development defines cell type-specific maturation trajectories across the lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A non-canonical androgen signaling pathway drives microglial activation and tau pathology in females.Research square · 2026Article
- Advances and applications of brain organoids in central nervous system disorders: Bridging the gap from laboratory to clinic.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Prmt6 Deficiency or Inhibition Restores Microglial Homeostasis and Promotes Scar-Limited Repair in Adult Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
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- Genetic-Environmental Programming of Microglial Identity: Shaping Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Dissecting microglial contributions to neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology using human pluripotent stem cells.Stem cell reports · 2026Review
- Microglial cathepsin B is necessary for neuronal efferocytosis in zebrafish and mice during brain development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular matrix proteolysis maintains synapse plasticity during brain development.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Human microglia in brain assembloids display region-specific diversity and respond to hyperexcitable neurons carryingScience advances · 2026Article
- Epigenetic control of microglial developmental milestones from proliferative progenitors to efficient phagocytes.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
37 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Claudia Z HanDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Rick Z LiDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Emily HansenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Samantha TrescottDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Bethany R FixsenDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Celina T NguyenDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Cristina M MoraDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Nathanael J SpannDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Hunter R BennettDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Olivier PoirionDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Justin BuchananDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Anna S WardenDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Bing XiaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Johannes C M SchlachetzkiDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Martina P PasillasDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sebastian PreisslDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Allen WangDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Carolyn O'ConnorSalk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Shreya ShriramDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Roy KimDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Danielle SchaferDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Gabriela RamirezDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Jean ChallacombeDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Samuel A AnavimDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Avalon JohnsonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Mihir GuptaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Ian A GlassDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Birth Defects Research LaboratoryDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Michael L LevyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego-Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
Sharona Ben HaimDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
David D GondaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego-Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
Louise LaurentDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Jennifer F HughesWhitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
David C PageWhitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Mathew Blurton-JonesDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92696, USA.
Christopher K GlassDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: ckg@ucsd.edu.
Nicole G CoufalDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: ncoufal@health.ucsd.edu.
University of California San Diego · USSalk Institute for Biological Studies · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USSeattle Children's Hospital · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research · US
Funding
UCSD Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P30P30AG062429 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Subhojit Roy · 2019 to 2026
$34.9MLABORATORY OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGYR24HD000836 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Ian Amos Glass · 1995 to 2026
$16.9MMechanisms controlling human microglia gene expressionR01NS096170 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GLASS, CHRISTOPHER K · 2016 to 2025
$4.3MA novel platform for the investigation of human microgliaRF1DA048813 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI BLURTON-JONES, MATHEW MARK, GANDHI, SUNIL · 2019 to 2021
$2.1MThe Contribution of Microglial MEF2C to Brain DevelopmentR01NS124637 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Nicole Gabriele Coufal · 2022 to 2026
$2.0MMicroglial contribution to Down Syndrome NeuropathologyR01NS126452 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Nicole Gabriele Coufal · 2023 to 2026
$2.0MNotice of Special Interest: Administrative Supplements to Promote Research Continuity and Retention of NIH Mentored Career Development (K) Award Recipients and ScholarsK08NS109200 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI COUFAL, NICOLE GABRIELE · 2018 to 2022
$1.1MIllumina NovaSeq 6000 Sequencing SystemS10OD026929 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI JEPSEN, KRISTEN LYNN · 2019 to 2019
$600kBD FACSAria Fusion for Flow Cytometry Core FacilityS10OD023689 · OD · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI ZHENG, YE · 2018 to 2018
$530kGene regulatory networks influencing neuron-microglia interactions in fetal brain development.K99MH129983 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI HAN, CLAUDIA Z · 2022 to 2023
$230kNIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD000836NIDA NIH HHS RF1 DA048813NIH HHS S10 OD023689NIH HHS S10 OD026929NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH129983NINDS NIH HHS K08 NS109200NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS096170NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS124637NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS126452
Abstract
Microglia phenotypes are highly regulated by the brain environment, but the transcriptional networks that specify the maturation of human microglia are poorly understood. Here, we characterized stage-specific transcriptomes and epigenetic landscapes of fetal and postnatal human microglia and acquired corresponding data in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia, in cerebral organoids, and following engraftment into humanized mice. Parallel development of computational approaches that considered transcription factor (TF) co-occurrence and enhancer activity allowed prediction of shared and state-specific gene regulatory networks associated with fetal and postnatal microglia. Additionally, many features of the human fetal-to-postnatal transition were recapitulated in a time-dependent manner following the engraftment of iPSC cells into humanized mice. These data and accompanying computational approaches will facilitate further efforts to elucidate mechanisms by which human microglia acquire stage- and disease-specific phenotypes.
Indexed as
Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsMicrogliaAnimalsBrainGene Expression RegulationGene Regulatory NetworksHumansMiceepigenomicshumanizedmicroglianeurodevelopmentneurological disordersstem cellstranscription factorstranscriptomics
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