ArticleThyroid research2023
Histopathological features of asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement in patients with thyroid eye disease.
Article in Thyroid research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orbital MRI for thyroid eye disease activity staging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Biopsied lacrimal glands in Japanese cohort: clinical, radiologic and histopathologic analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Lacrimal gland enlargement in inactive thyroid eye disease: a case series and literature review.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2024Review
- Application of quantitative orbital analysis to assess the activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy.American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeLacrimal gland enlargement can be a feature of thyroid eye disease (TED). Unilateral or asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement is poorly described and may impede diagnosis. We present the histological and clinical findings of four patients with asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement.
methodsA retrospective case note review was performed for patients over two tertiary orbital clinics (Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia and the Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom) presenting with an asymmetrical lacrimal gland enlargement with a background of TED that underwent biopsy to exclude alternate diagnoses. Baseline data was collected for each patient and histopathological images and reports were reviewed.
resultsAll four patients were hyperthyroid at time of lacrimal gland biopsy. Biopsy demonstrated nonspecific, lymphoid aggregates, typically of B cell type, with no diagnostic findings to support lymphocyte clonality or IgG4-related disease. One biopsy specimen demonstrated evidence of some fibrosis.
conclusionAsymmetrical lacrimal gland enlargement can occur as part of the TED spectrum but may require biopsy to exclude alternate pathology. Histology demonstrates a non-specific lymphocytic infiltrate.
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