ArticleBMC health services research2023
Comparison of pay-for-performance (P4P) programs in primary care of selected countries: a comparative study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- General practice incentives: a review of the international literature.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Pooled it
- Performance-based payment models and value-based health care: a semi-systematic review through theoretical lenses.Frontiers in health services · 2026Pooled it
- Future doctors, future scholars: factors influencing China-educated international medical students' career intentions in primary care and academic medicine.Human resources for health · 2026Article
- The impact of performance-based capitation on diabetes care: Evidence from Indonesia's national health insurance program.International journal of health economics and management · 2026Article
- Key Indicators of Performance-Based Payment to Physicians by Insurance Organizations in Iran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- A Pragmatic Approach to Improving Management and Patient Flow for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in UK Primary Care.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Geographic Clusters in Sepsis Hospital Mortality and the Role of Targeted Regionalization.Critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Performance-based payments and intrinsic motivation among primary healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional survey.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Quality indicators for improved cardiovascular care: learnings from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2025Article
- Do compensation models affect family physician job satisfaction? Scoping review.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025Article
- The effect of hospital budgeting system on physician-executives' budget cognitive consciousness and medical decision making.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Article
- Does pay for performance promote inverse inequality in chronic disease management?Family practice · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPay for performance (P4P) schemes provide financial incentives or facilities to health workers based on the achievement of predetermined performance goals. Various P4P programs have been implemented around the world. There is a question of which model is suitable for p4p implementation to achieve better results. The purpose of this study is to compare pay for performance models in different countries.
methodsThis is a descriptive-comparative study comparing the P4P model in selected countries in 2022. Data for each country are collected from reliable databases and are tabulated to compare their payment models. the standard framework of the P4P model is used for data analysis.
resultswe used the standard P4P model framework to compare pay for performance programs in the primary care sector of selected countries because this framework can demonstrate all the necessary features of payment programs, including performance domains and measures, basis for reward or penalty, nature of the reward or penalty, and data reporting. The results of this study show that although the principles of P4P are almost similar in the selected countries, the biggest difference is in the definition of performance domains and measures.
conclusionsDesigning an effective P4P program is very complex, and its success depends on a variety of factors, from the socioeconomic and cultural context and the healthcare goals of governments to the personal characteristics of the healthcare provider. considering these factors and the general framework of the features of P4P programs are critical to the success of the p4p design and implementation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.