Observational studyNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2024
Mycophenolate mofetil reduces the risk of relapse in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis: a prospective observational cohort study.
Observational study in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Recurrence of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating health related quality of life and clinical measures in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Relapse risk and functional outcomes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis: A multicenter retrospective analysis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- HLA genotyping and clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a single-center cohort study in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Telitacicept and Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Favorable long-term outcomes of autoimmune nodopathy with mycophenolate mofetil.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is frequently used in the treatment of neurological autoimmune disorders. However, its effect on the relapse risk in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is not well studied.
methodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients were grouped according to MMF treatment status (MMF and non-MMF groups). The primary outcome was relapse after disease onset.
resultsA total of 83 patients were included, with a median onset age of 60 years. Fifty-four patients were men (65.1%). The MMF group comprised 28 patients and the non-MMF group comprised 55. Median follow-up from symptom onset was 26 months. Relapse occurred in 43 patients (51.8%). Median modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at enrollment was significantly higher in the MMF group than the non-MMF group (3 vs. 2; p = 0.001). Median mRS score at last follow-up was comparable between groups (1 vs. zero; p = 0.184). Both MMF treatment (HR 0.463; 95% CI, 0.231-0.929; p = 0.030) and cognitive impairment at enrollment (HR 3.391; 95% CI, 1.041-11.044; p = 0.043) were independent predictors of relapse. Starting immunotherapy before development of cognitive impairment trended towards reducing relapse risk. Outcome at last follow-up was good (mRS score 0-2) in all patients except for one in the non-MMF group. Adverse events associated with MMF treatment were mild and transient.
conclusionAlthough the outcome of anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients is generally favorable, relapse is common, especially in those with cognitive impairment. MMF treatment is well-tolerated and can significantly reduce the risk of relapse.
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