ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2023
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Canada: a time-series study, 2020-2023.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of new diagnoses and exacerbations of chronic conditions after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review update.Epidemiologic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-event dynamic capture-recapture model for big data: Estimating undetected COVID-19 cases in British Columbia, Canada.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- The risk of HIV and HCV transmission in Canadians living with coinfection before, during, and after the COVID pandemic: A prospective cohort study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Responses in Two Canadian Cohorts of Persons Living with HIV.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spread and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccines in children receiving immunosuppressive medications.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- The impact of statistical adjustment for assay performance on inferences from SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Distinct circulating autoantibodies are associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus positivity amongst Canadian blood donors and effectiveness of off-season screening.Transfusion · 2025Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in a Cohort of Health Care Workers Before and After the Omicron Wave in Canada.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025Article
- Minimal Impact of Prior Common Cold Coronavirus Exposure on Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination or Infection Risk in Older Adults in Congregate Care.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of adjustment for differential testing by age and sex on apparent epidemiology of SARS-CoV- 2 infection in Ontario, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association between pre-existing chronic conditions and severity of first SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms among adults living in Canada: a population-based survey analysis from January 2020 to August 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection before and after the Omicron wave in a cohort of healthcare workers in Ontario, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comparison of six COVID-19 serology assays for detection of antibodies from patients infected with ancestral and a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- Rethinking Optimal Immunogens to Face SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Through Vaccination.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Review
- Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among essential workers in long term care and retirement homes in Ontario, Canada: A descriptive cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- An evaluation of barriers and facilitators to implementing multiplex rapid antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A and B in congregate living settings.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Booster vaccines dose reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen supplementation: Evidence from the Beijing Omicron outbreak.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Infection Rate and Risk Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Retail Workers at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Quebec, Canada.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Tanya J MurphyCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Hanna SwailCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Jaspreet JainCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Maureen AndersonCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Philip AwadallaCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Lesley BehlCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Patrick E BrownCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Carmen L CharltonCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Karen ColwillCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Steven J DrewsCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Anne-Claude GingrasCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Deena HinshawCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Prabhat JhaCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Jamil N KanjiCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Victoria A KirshCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Amanda L S LangCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Marc-André LangloisCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Stephen LeeCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Antoine LewinCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Sheila F O'BrienCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Chantale PambrunCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Kimberly SkeadCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
David A StephensCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que. david.buckeridge@mcgill.ca bruce.mazer@mcgill.ca.
Derek R SteinCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Graham TipplesCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Paul G Van CaeseeleCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Timothy G EvansCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Olivia OxladeCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Bruce D MazerCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
David L BuckeridgeCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
Saskatchewan Health · CA
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of reported cases of COVID-19 among Canadians was under 6%. Although high vaccine coverage was achieved in Canada by fall 2021, the Omicron variant caused unprecedented numbers of infections, overwhelming testing capacity and making it difficult to quantify the trajectory of population immunity.
methodsUsing a time-series approach and data from more than 900 000 samples collected by 7 research studies collaborating with the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (CITF), we estimated trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence owing to infection and vaccination for the Canadian population over 3 intervals: prevaccination (March to November 2020), vaccine roll-out (December 2020 to November 2021), and the arrival of the Omicron variant (December 2021 to March 2023). We also estimated seroprevalence by geographical region and age.
resultsBy November 2021, 9.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] 7.3%-11%) of people in Canada had humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from an infection. Seroprevalence increased rapidly after the arrival of the Omicron variant - by Mar. 15, 2023, 76% (95% CrI 74%-79%) of the population had detectable antibodies from infections. The rapid rise in infection-induced antibodies occurred across Canada and was most pronounced in younger age groups and in the Western provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia.
interpretationData up to March 2023 indicate that most people in Canada had acquired antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 through natural infection and vaccination. However, given variations in population seropositivity by age and geography, the potential for waning antibody levels, and new variants that may escape immunity, public health policy and clinical decisions should be tailored to local patterns of population immunity.
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COVID-19SARS-CoV-2AlbertaAntibodies, ViralHumansPandemicsSeroepidemiologic StudiesAntibodies, Viral
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