ArticleDiabetes care2023
HLA Genotype and Probiotics Modify the Association Between Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The diabetes exposome: interplay of environmental and genetic determinants in diabetes.Human genomics · 2026Review
- Application and Challenges of Using ProbioticDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unfolding the Mystery of Autoimmunity: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in studies of type 1 diabetes mellitus: modern state-of-the-art and technical peculiarities.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Complementary Feeding: Tradition, Innovation and Pitfalls.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo study the interaction among HLA genotype, early probiotic exposure, and timing of complementary foods in relation to risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,676 children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for potential confounders to study early feeding and the risk of IA in a sample of 7,770 children.
resultsAny solid food introduced early (<6 months) was associated with increased risk of IA if the child had the HLA DR3/4 genotype and no probiotic exposure during the 1st year of life. Rice introduced at 4-5.9 months compared with later in the U.S. was associated with an increased risk of IA.
conclusionsTiming of solid food introduction, including rice, may be associated with IA in children with the HLA DR3/4 genotype not exposed to probiotics. The microbiome composition under these exposure combinations requires further study.
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