ReviewSports medicine - open2023
Intramuscular Tendon Injuries of the Hamstring Muscles: A More Severe Variant? A Narrative Review.
Review in Sports medicine - open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging and Clinical Factors Associated With Return to Play and Recurrence After Quadriceps Muscle Strain Injury.Sports health · 2026Article
- Bilateral Fusion of the Semitendinosus and Long Head of the Biceps Femoris Muscles in a Male Cadaver.Cureus · 2026Article
- Impact of Proximal Conjoint Tendon Injury on Return to Play in the BF-ST Complex: A Prospective MRI-Based Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Return to performance: machine learning insights into how absence time following muscle injuries affects match running performance in LaLiga soccer players.Biology of sport · 2025Article
- Muscle Injuries in 90 Professional Football Players Over 10 Consecutive Seasons: A Comparison of Two Classification Systems and Their Association With Return-to-Play Time.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Muscle or Fascial System Lesion (Part II): The Medial Gastrocnemius and the "Tennis Leg" Paradigm.Cureus · 2025Review
- Reliability of Semitendinosus and Biceps Femoris Aponeurosis Thickness Using B-Mode Ultrasound.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2025Article
- Injury and Fibrosis at the Myoaponeurotic Junction of Pectoralis Major and Supracoracoideus Muscles in Broiler Chickens.The journal of poultry science · 2025Article
- Ultrasound Diagnosis of Hamstring Muscle Complex Injuries Focus on Originate Tendon Structure-Male University Rugby Players.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Flywheel resistance training in football: a useful rehabilitation tool for practitioners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are one of the most common sport-related injuries. They have a high injury burden and a high recurrence rate. The development of novel muscle injury grading systems has provided new insights into the possible impact of injury location on the time to return to play (TTRTP) and re-injury following HSI. In particular, injuries to the intramuscular tendon (IMT) may be present in up to 41% of all HSI and have been described as a 'serious thigh muscle strain'. Re-injury rates as high as 60% have been described in elite track and field athletes, as well as prolonged TTRTP. A systematic search was carried out using appropriate keywords to identify articles reporting on HSI involving the IMT in athletes. The primary aim was to determine whether IMT injuries warrant being classified as a distinct clinical entity with different expected outcomes to other hamstring muscle injuries. This narrative review summarises the existing evidence on: (1) the anatomy of the IMT and its response to injury; (2) the role of MRI and novel grading scales in IMT injury management (3) clinical assessment of IMT injuries, (4) TTRTP and re-injury rates across sports following IMT, (5) conservative rehabilitation and the role of specific 'IMT-oriented' strategies, and (6) indications for and approaches to surgery. The review found that important clinical outcomes such as re-injury rates and TTRTP vary across populations, cohorts and sports which suggest that outcomes are specific to the sporting context. Bespoke rehabilitation, tailored to IMT injury, has been shown to significantly reduce re-injuries in elite track and field athletes, without compromising TTRTP. Continued prospective studies across other sports and cohorts, are warranted to further establish relevant clinical findings, indications for surgical intervention and outcomes across other sporting cohorts.
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Registered trials
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