ArticleEnvironmental science & technology letters2023
More than a Tripledemic: Influenza A Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-CoV-2, and Human Metapneumovirus in Wastewater during Winter 2022-2023.
Article in Environmental science & technology letters, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Co-circulating pathogens of humans: a systematic review of mechanistic transmission models.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Structured Extraction of Infectious Disease-Related Information From Clinical Notes in Japanese Primary Care: Development and Internal Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Correlations between Wastewater Concentrations of Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and Clinical Laboratory Testing and Hospitalization Data, California, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Post-COVID impairment of T cell responses to community-acquired pathogens can be modified by activating cellular metabolism.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A subunit vaccine for multiple respiratory viruses.Science advances · 2026Article
- Implementation of wastewater-based epidemiology in a Northern California acute care hospital: a pilot study, June-July 2024.The Journal of hospital infection · 2026Article
- Bio-Rad and QIAGEN digital PCR platforms provide equivalent quantification for wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Qualitative assessment of a novel results-based partnership between national wastewater surveillance centers of excellence and utility companies, Houston (Texas), Colorado, Wisconsin, and California, 2023.BMC public health · 2026Article
- A Review of Respiratory Infection Caused by the Human Metapneumovirus: Occurrence, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Public Health Outcomes, and Intervention Strategies.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Post-COVID impairment of memory T cell responses to community-acquired pathogens can be rectified by activating cellular metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Near-Source Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus With Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus as a Fecal Indicator.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Article
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on air purifier filters in university spaces without symptomatic or confirmed cases.Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research · 2025Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology of influenza A virus in Shenzhen: baseline values and implications for multi-pathogen surveillance.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus among hospitalized children in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 era.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- High-Resolution Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Three Influenza Seasons (2022-2025) Reveals Distinct Seasonal Patterns of Viral Activity in Munich, Germany.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Review
- Etiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and macrolide resistance in children in beijing: a retrospective study from 2018 to 2024.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Wastewater concentrations of rotavirus RNA are associated with infection and vaccination metrics in the USA.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Respiratory Specimens Using the VitaSIRODiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Hospitalizations for Life-Threatening Conditions.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Wastewater monitoring can provide insights into respiratory disease occurrence in communities that contribute to the wastewater system. Using daily measurements of RNA of influenza A (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV), as well as SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater solids from eight publicly owned treatment works in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area of California between July 2022 and early July 2023, we identify a "tripledemic" when concentrations of IAV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 peaked at approximately the same time. HMPV was also widely circulating. We designed novel hydrolysis probe RT-PCR assays for different IAV subtype markers to discern that the dominant circulating IAV subtype was H3N2. We show that wastewater data can be used to identify the onset and offset of wastewater disease occurrence events. This information can provide insight into disease epidemiology and timely, localized information to inform hospital staffing and clinical decision making to respond to circulating viruses. Whereas RSV and IAV wastewater events were mostly regionally coherent, HMPV events displayed localized occurrence patterns.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.