The Safety and Efficacy of Prolonged Use of Bedaquiline for the Treatment of Patients with Pulmonary Multi-Drug Resistant/Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Cohort Study in China.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of prolonged bedaquiline (Bdq) treatment in patients with multi-drug/rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed from August 2018 to August 2021. Patients diagnosed with MDR/RR-TB who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively included. Patients were treated with individual regimens of 18-20 months containing Bdq for six months or a prolonged course of nine or 12 months according to treatment demands, and the efficacy and safety with a different course of Bdq-containing regimens were compared and evaluated. Results: A total of 159 MDR/RR-TB patients were included in the study, including 96 cases with six months of Bdq, 50 cases with nine months of Bdq, and 13 patients with 12 months of Bdq. The treatment success rates were 89.6%, 90%, and 84.6% in Bdq at six months, nine months, and 12 months, respectively, which were not statistically different (P = 0.85). The main adverse events (AEs) were anemia, thrombocytopenia, and liver dysfunction in all patients, with no significant difference among the three groups. Patients who had fewer drugs chosen, disseminated lesions or lesions that were slowly absorbed, and severe cavities were the common reasons for prolonged use of Bdq. Conclusion: Prolonged course use of Bdq from six months to 12 months clinically proved to be safe and efficient, and patients with severe or disseminated lesions had the chance to prolong the use of Bdq for more than six months to achieve optimal treatment outcomes.