ArticleHeliyon2023
Shock index in the emergency department as a predictor for mortality in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Admission shock indices and lactate for mortality risk stratification in non-traumatic hypotensive patients.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Novel Mortality Index Unveils Smoking's Role in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Use of the Hypoxia-Age-Shock Index at Triage to Predict Mortality in Geriatric STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Rethinking emergency risk assessment: A single-center look at shock index and its variants in COVID-19.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Prognostic value of novel indices combining Shock Index, Reverse Shock Index, age, and oxygen saturation for predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients in Iran at emergency department triage: a cross-sectional study.Acute and critical care · 2025Article
- Reverse shock index multiplied by simplified motor score as a predictor of clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The shock index (SI) ratio serves as a straightforward predictor to identify patients who are either at risk of or experiencing shock. COVID-19 patients with shock face increased mortality risk and reduced chances of recovery. This review aims to determine the role of SI in the emergency department (ED) to predict COVID-19 patient outcomes. Methods: The systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and ScienceDirect on June 16, 2023. We included observational studies evaluating SI in ED and COVID-19 patient outcomes. Random-effect meta-analysis was done to generate odds ratios of SI as the predictor of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of SI in predicting these outcomes were also pooled, and a summary receiver operating characteristics (sROC) curve was generated. Results: A total of eight studies involving 4557 participants were included in the pooled analysis. High SI was found to be associated with an increased risk of ICU admission (OR 5.81 [95%CI: 1.18-28.58], p = 0.03). Regarding mortality, high SI was linked to higher rates of in-hospital (OR 7.45 [95%CI: 2.44-22.74], p = 0.0004), within 30-day (OR 7.34 [95%CI: 5.27-10.21], p < 0.00001), and overall (OR 7.52 [95%CI: 3.72-15.19], p < 0.00001) mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of SI for predicting ICU admission were 76.2% [95%CI: 54.6%-89.5%] and 64.3% [95%CI: 19.6%-93.0%], respectively. In terms of overall mortality, the sensitivity and specificity were 54.0% (95%CI: 34.3%-72.6%) and 85.9% (95%CI: 75.8%-92.3%), respectively, with only subtle changes for in-hospital and within 30-day mortality. Adjustment of SI cut-off to >0.7 yielded improved sensitivity (95%CI: 78.0% [59.7%-89.4%]) and specificity (95%CI: 76.8% [41.7%-93.9%]) in predicting overall mortality. Conclusion: SI in emergency room may be a simple and useful triage instrument for predicting ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Future well-conducted studies are still needed to corroborate the findings of this study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.