SynthesisFrontiers in public health2023
Global associations of key populations with HIV-1 recombinants: a systematic review, global survey, and individual participant data meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of lung function assessment among youth and young adults e-cigarette users: Current tools and emerging methods.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic Evolution Between HIV-1 Groups M and O: HIV-1/MO Recombinant Forms.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity.Viruses · 2025Review
- The changing molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Liangshan prefecture, China, in 2021-2023.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Patterns of HIV-1 Pol Gene in East Africa.Advances in virology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among patients with treatment failure and newly diagnosed people in Liangshan Prefecture, China, in 2021-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2015-21.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Global HIV infections due to HIV-1 recombinants are increasing and impede prevention and treatment efforts. Key populations suffer most new HIV infections, but their role in the spread of HIV-1 recombinants is unknown. We conducted a global analysis of the associations between key populations and HIV-1 recombinants. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Global Health for HIV-1 subtyping studies published from 1/1/1990 to 31/12/2015. Unpublished data was collected through a global survey. We included studies with HIV-1 subtyping data of key populations collected during 1990-2015. Key populations assessed were heterosexual people (HET), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), vertical transmissions (VERT), commercial sex workers (CSW), and transfusion-associated infections (BLOOD). Logistic regression was used to determine associations of key populations with HIV-1 recombinants. Subgroup analyses were performed for circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), unique recombinant forms (URFs), regions, and time periods. Results: Eight hundred and eighty five datasets including 77,284 participants from 83 countries were included. Globally, PWID were associated with the greatest odds of recombinants and CRFs (OR 2.6 [95% CI 2.46-2.74] and 2.99 [2.83-3.16]), compared to HET. CSW were associated with increased odds of recombinants and URFs (1.59 [1.44-1.75] and 3.61 [3.15-4.13]). VERT and BLOOD were associated with decreased odds of recombinants (0.58 [0.54-0.63] and 0.43 [0.33-0.56]). MSM were associated with increased odds of recombinants in 2010-2015 (1.43 [1.35-1.51]). Subgroup analyses supported our main findings. Discussion: As PWID, CSW, and MSM are associated with HIV-1 recombinants, increased preventative measures and HIV-1 molecular surveillance are crucial within these key populations. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO [CRD42017067164].
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