ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2023
The Impact of Routine Vaccinations on Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Persons 65 Years and Older: A Claims-Based Cohort Study using Propensity Score Matching.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Against Herpes Zoster, Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus, Postherpetic Neuralgia and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Pooled it
- Factors influencing the relationship between influenza vaccination and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of herpes zoster infection, antivirals and vaccination on risk of developing dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Association between vaccinations and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Hospital-treated infection associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology: underlying mechanisms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cross-tissue immune profiling of APOE ε4 reveals early dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Association Between Respiratory Vaccines and Risk of Cognitive Impairment, Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Association Between Herpes Zoster Vaccination and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Rethinking dementia prevention: what the new WHO guidelines get right (and what they left behind).Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Recent Insights into the Role of Herpesviridae in Alzheimer's Disease: A Structured Narrative Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Reduced risk of dementia with recombinant zoster vaccine in US adults age 65 or older.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- The role of noninfectious comorbidities in the association between severe infections and risk of dementia in Finland: A nationwide registry study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Immunometabolic Control Points Across Neural, Vascular, and Peripheral Systems.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Infection, vaccination and risk of dementia: a proposed immunological model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Varicella-zoster virus reactivation and the risk of dementia.Nature medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that adult vaccinations can reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease related dementias.
objectiveTo compare the risk for developing AD between adults with and without prior vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria, with or without pertussis (Tdap/Td); herpes zoster (HZ); or pneumococcus.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Included patients were free of dementia during a 2-year look-back period and were≥65 years old by the start of the 8-year follow-up period. We compared two similar cohorts identified using propensity score matching (PSM), one vaccinated and another unvaccinated, with Tdap/Td, HZ, or pneumococcal vaccines. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) for developing AD.
resultsFor the Tdap/Td vaccine, 7.2% (n = 8,370) of vaccinated patients and 10.2% (n = 11,857) of unvaccinated patients developed AD during follow-up; the RR was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.68-0.72) and ARR was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.03). For the HZ vaccine, 8.1% (n = 16,106) of vaccinated patients and 10.7% (n = 21,417) of unvaccinated patients developed AD during follow-up; the RR was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.76) and ARR was 0.02 (95% CI, 0.02-0.02). For the pneumococcal vaccine, 7.92% (n = 20,583) of vaccinated patients and 10.9% (n = 28,558) of unvaccinated patients developed AD during follow-up; the RR was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71-0.74) and ARR was 0.02 (95% CI, 0.02-0.03).
conclusionSeveral vaccinations, including Tdap/Td, HZ, and pneumococcal, are associated with a reduced risk for developing AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.