ArticleScientific reports2023
Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination-first immune priming shapes a sustained mRNA vaccine-induced IgG4 class switch that associates with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A distinct antigen presentation pathway drives potent T cell immunity in lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Imperative of Data Transparency for Pursuing Scientific Truth about COVID-19 Vaccination and Excess Deaths.JMA journal · 2026Article
- IgG4 Neutralization and Sustained Total IgG Fc-Effector Functions Following Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination with mRNA-1273.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Subclass Titres in a Population with Prior Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA).Toxics · 2026Article
- Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Long COVID is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins.Research square · 2026Article
- Maternal immunization status and SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer to neonates at birth.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Class switching toward IgG4 six months after primary mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in kidney patients.PloS one · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell responses in non-draining lymph nodes and antibody functionalities in immunized end-stage renal disease patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- mRNA-1010 influenza vaccine elicits distinct and enhanced humoral immunity compared to adjuvanted inactivated vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV2 and Anti-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Is There a Plausible Mechanistic Link with Cancer?Cancers · 2025Review
- Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and IgG4 subclass switching following booster vaccination with ancestral COVID-19 mRNA vaccines does not reduce breakthrough infections.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- In vitro complement activation via nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Patterns and functional consequences of antibody speciation in maternal-fetal transfer of coronavirus-specific humoral immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective, Single-Center Cohort Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- ICAM-1 autoantibodies detected in healthy individuals and cross-react with functional epitopes.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reduce the risk of developing serious COVID-19 disease. Monitoring spike-specific IgG subclass levels after vaccinations may provide additional information on SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response. Here, we examined the presence and levels of spike-specific IgG antibody subclasses in health-care coworkers vaccinated with vector- (Sputnik, AstraZeneca) or mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. We found that vector-based vaccines elicited lower total spike-specific IgG levels than mRNA vaccines. The pattern of spike-specific IgG subclasses in individuals infected before mRNA vaccinations resembled that of vector-vaccinated subjects or unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. However, the pattern of mRNA-vaccinated individuals without SARS-CoV-2 preinfection showed a markedly different pattern. In addition to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses presented in all groups, a switch towards distal IgG subclasses (spike-specific IgG4 and IgG2) appeared almost exclusively in individuals who received only mRNA vaccines or were infected after mRNA vaccinations. In these subjects, the magnitude of the spike-specific IgG4 response was comparable to that of the spike-specific IgG1 response. These data suggest that the priming of the immune system either by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or by vector- or mRNA-based vaccinations has an important impact on the characteristics of the developed specific humoral immunity.
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