ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2023
Systemic immune response in young and elderly patients after traumatic brain injury.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploiting blood-based biomarkers to align preclinical models with human traumatic brain injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuro-immune dysregulation after traumatic brain injury: immunomodulatory strategies to prevent infectious complications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- TREC dynamics as a biomarker of naive T-cell homeostasis in traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Nomogram-based prediction model for tocilizumab-induced leukopenia in adults using FAERS and PMDA data.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Observational
- Basophils activate splenic B cells and dendritic cells via IL-13 signaling in acute traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Oxiracetam ameliorates neurological function after traumatic brain injury through competing endogenous RNA regulatory network.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome and Its Key Bioactive Metabolites Induce Long-Term Neuroprotection After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- T Cell Involvement in Neuroinflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of developing infections in the central nervous system and periphery.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Targeting Spermine Oxidase to Mitigate Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology in the Aging Brain.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High-dimensional proteomic analysis for pathophysiological classification of traumatic brain injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Association Between Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Prognosis in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Focus on Short- and Medium-Term Mortality.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Beta2 adrenergic receptor-mediated abnormal myelopoiesis drives neuroinflammation in aged patients with traumatic brain injury.Science advances · 2024Article
- The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Effects of immune cells on ischemic stroke and the mediating roles of metabolites.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Systematic analysis of MASP-1 serves as a novel immune-related biomarker in sepsis and trauma followed by preliminary experimental validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Neuroimmune Nexus: Diet-Induced Obesity, Inflammation, and Diet-Modulated Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reportsReview
- From trauma to chronicity: Understanding the incidence and early immune changes of chronic complications in polytrauma patients.Science progressObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. In addition to primary brain damage, systemic immune alterations occur, with evidence for dysregulated immune responses in aggravating TBI outcome and complications. However, immune dysfunction following TBI has been only partially understood, especially in the elderly who represent a substantial proportion of TBI patients and worst outcome. Therefore, we aimed to conduct an in-depth immunological characterization of TBI patients, by evaluating both adaptive (T and B lymphocytes) and innate (NK and monocytes) immune cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected acutely (< 48 h) after TBI in young (18-45 yo) and elderly (> 65 yo) patients, compared to age-matched controls, and also the levels of inflammatory biomarkers.
resultsOur data show that young respond differently than elderly to TBI, highlighting the immune unfavourable status of elderly compared to young patients. While in young only CD4 T lymphocytes are activated by TBI, in elderly both CD4 and CD8 T cells are affected, and are induced to differentiate into subtypes with low cytotoxic activity, such as central memory CD4 T cells and memory precursor effector CD8 T cells. Moreover, TBI enhances the frequency of subsets that have not been previously investigated in TBI, namely the double negative CD27- IgD- and CD38-CD24- B lymphocytes, and CD56dim CD16- NK cells, both in young and elderly patients. TBI reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and the expression of HLA-DM, HLA-DR, CD86/B7-2 in monocytes, suggesting a compromised ability to drive a pro-inflammatory response and to efficiently act as antigen presenting cells.
conclusionsWe described the acute immunological response induced by TBI and its relation with injury severity, which could contribute to pathologic evolution and possibly outcome. The focus on age-related immunological differences could help design specific therapeutic interventions based on patients' characteristics.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.